Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamabhethri angama-587Ah kanye nama-628Ah kuyashesha, kulethe isikhathi sokugcina amandla okukhulu.

NgoMgqibelo wokuqala ka-2025, ukuthunyelwa kwamacell wokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele ku-240 GWh, okukhombisa ukukhula konyaka ngonyaka okungaphezu kuka-100%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkampani eziyishumi eziphezulu ekuthumeleni amacell wokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke zathola ingxenye yemakethe ehlanganisiwe engu-91.2%, zonke zazo zingamabhizinisi aseShayina. Lokhu kukhombisa ngokuphelele isikhundla esiphakeme samabhizinisi aseShayina embonini yokugcina amandla emhlabeni jikelele kanye nezinzuzo ezinamandla zokuncintisana zohlaka lwemboni.

Njengoba imikhankaso eqhutshwa yimithetho, efana nokwabiwa kwemithombo yokugcina amandla eShayina, ikhululeka kancane kancane, umkhakha wokugcina amandla ushintshela esigabeni esisha esiholwa yidinga yemakethe kanye nokwakhiwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhula okukhulu kokufuna amandla okusebenza kwe-AI phesheya, kuhambisana nokukhululwa kwemivuzo yemithetho yokuguqulwa kwamandla ezimakethe ezikhulayo ezifana neMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu-East Asia, sekubumbene kwazisa amandla amakhulu okukhula. Lokhu kukhuthaza umkhakha wamandla wokugcina emhlabeni ukuba ungene esijakazweni esisha sokukhula "okuphezulu okuqhubekayo" okukhonjiswa ngokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo.

Izibikezelo zikhombisa ukuthi isidingo somhlaba jikelele samabhethri wokugcina amandla silindeleke ukufinyelela ku-560 GWh ngo-2026, ngokukhula konyaka okungaphezu kuka-60%. Ngo-2027, ukukhula kusazobonakala kuphakeme kuka-40%, kubonisa amazinga aphezulu okusebenza kuyo yonke imikhakha yezezimali yokugcina amandla.

Ngalesi simo, "ukukhathazeka ngokukwazi" okuqhubekayo kanye nengcindezi yokwehlisa izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza ngakolunye uhlangothi akusiyona nje imfuno yemakethe kodwa futhi kuyizinselelo ezibalulekile ezibhekene nezimboni. Lezi zinto zikhuthaza ukuhamba phambili kwezindlela zobuchwepheshe ukuze kutholakale izixazululo eziphumelelayo kwezomnotho. Kulokhu, imboni ifinyelele esivumelwaneni esicacile: amaseli amakhulu wokugcina amandla ayisitikha esibalulekile sokufeza ukufana kwegridi kokugcina amandla.

Ngokwezimali zangempela, ukwandisa amandla wezikhala kusiza ukusabalalisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha ezifana nezikhwama nezivalo zephezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuholela emigqeni yokukhiqiza enkulu futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezingeni lesistimu, ukunciphisa inani lezikhala kunciphisa ngqo izingxenye ezifana nezixhumi nezintambo ze-BMS, kwehlisa ubunzima bokuhlanganisa nezindleko jikelele.

Kuze kube manje, nakuba ingxoxo mayelana nosayizi kanye namandla ezizukulwane ezizayo zamacell amakhulu ingakaphothulwa, inqubo yokuhweba yamacell amakhulu anama-500Ah+ kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezisekelayo ezine-6MWh+ seziqale isigaba sokuphumeza esisheshayo.

Muva nje, i-High-Cheese Energy Storage iveze iseli yayo eyenzelwe izimo zokugcina amandla isikhathi eside esingama-8 amahora—i-∞ Cell 1300Ah—futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yethule isixazululo sokugcina amandla isikhathi eside esingama-8 amahora, kuhlanganise nemikhiqizo efana ne-∞ Power8 6.9MW/55.2MWh. Ngokwezithunywa zenkampani, isixazululo se-∞ Power 8-hour sihlelwe ukuba sithunyelwe emakethe ngokuphelele ku-Q4 2026.

Ngenkathi ezinye izinkampani zethula imikhiqizo emisha, ezinye ziqinisekisa ama-oda. Ngaphansi kwenyanga emva kokumemezela ukuthi amaseli awo okugcina amandla angama-587Ah afinyelele ku-2 GWh ekuthumeleni, i-CATL muva nje iqinisekisile i-oda elisha. Imithombo yezindaba zangaphandle ibike ukuthi le nkampani iwine i-oda le-4 GWh le-system yokugcina amandla evela eNingizimu-East Asia, nemikhiqizo izosetshenziswa ku-"Green Economic Corridor" phakathi kweSingapore ne-Indonesia.

Kubikwa ukuthi uhlelo lokugcina amandla lwe-4 GWh EnerX (BESS) olunikezwa yi-CATL luzosebenzisa amaseli amakhulu anama-530Ah, lapho umkhumbi owodwa ongu-20-foot unikeza amandla okugcina angama-5.6 MWh. Ukuhlaziywa kwezimboni kukhomba ukuthi izinzuzo eziyisisekelo zalolu producto zikhona ekwakheni amandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi, okukhombisa kahle izidingo eziqinile zephrojekthi zokusebenza komhlaba kanye nezinzuzo zezezimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhetha kwekhasimende i-CATL akukhona nje ngenxa ye-brand yayo namandla obuchwepheshe kodwa futhi ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kokukhiqiza okukhululekile. I-CATL okwamanje yakha ifektri e-Indonesia, enokukhiqiza okuhleliwe konyaka okokuqala okungu-6.9 GWh, okungakhuliswa kube ngaphezu kwe-15 GWh esikhathini esizayo. Le mikhawulo yokukhiqiza okukhululekile ayisizi kuphela ekunciphiseni ubungozi bokuhlinzeka kodwa futhi ivumela lesi sifunda ukuba sisheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kokugcina amandla ngokusebenzisa amakhono okukhiqiza e-CATL.

Noma ngabe kuwumkhiqizo we-530Ah onikezwe kulolu order noma ama-cell e-587Ah athunyelwe ngaphambili, kokubili kukhomba emkhubeni ocacile: ama-cell wokugcina amandla ayashintsha ngokushesha abe nezikhala ezinkulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ukuqinisekisa lezi zinhlinzeko ezibalulekile empeleni kuwukuncintisana okuphelele okuhlanganisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe kanye nosayizi bokukhiqiza. I-logic engemuva kwalokhu ukuthi izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukile futhi ezisebenzayo zizoholela emikhiqizweni emincintiswaneni kakhulu kanye nezindleko ze-unit eziphansi, ekugcineni kuqinisa ubuholi bemboni ngokuwina ama-oda emakethe amakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwe-CATL, i-EVE Energy nayo iyaphumelela ngokushesha ekuthuthukiseni ukuhweba kwebhethri yayo enkulu engu-628Ah, "Mnu. Big." NgoSepthemba konyaka, le selula iqedele ukusatshalaliswa okukhulu kuphrojekthi edlula ama-100 MWh, ibonisa ukuvalwa kwempumelelo kokuphuma nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi kuya kokusetshenziswa kwezobunjiniyela.

Njengomunye wabaholi bomkhakha, i-EVE Energy ifinyelele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-cell yayo enkulu engu-628Ah kusukela ngoDisemba 2024. Ngomhla kaJuni walonyaka, ukuthunyelwa okuhlanganisiwe kudlule ku-300,000 imishini. Ngokwezokufinyelela emakethe kanye nokwamukelwa kwamakhasimende, le cell ithole isitifiketi ngoJulayi walonyaka ngaphansi kwestandadi yaseShayina i-GB/T 36276-2023 "Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion wokugcina amandla kagesi," yenza ibe enye yezicell ezinkulu kakhulu ezihambisana nezinga elisha lesizwe. NgoMgqibelo, i-EVE Energy iphumelele ukuthola iphrojekthi yokuthenga engu-154 MWh ye-cell ye-lithium iron phosphate engu-628Ah evela kwi-China Electric Equipment Group. NgoSepthemba, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezihlanganiswe nale cell zaqala ukuthunyelwa ngamaqoqo ezimakethe zangaphandle ezifana ne-Australia naseYurophu, zikhombisa amakhono ayo okuletha emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukukhulisa amandla amaseli ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko kuyindlela ephumelelayo, kodwa amaseli awawona "amakhulu, angcono." Okwamanje, imboni iphinde ihlola ngokucophelela izingozi zokuphepha ezikhulile kakhulu ezihambisana namaseli anomthamo omkhulu kakhulu.

Abahlaziyi bezimboni bakhomba ukuthi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinzuzo ezincane zokunciphisa izindleko zezakhiwo ngokusebenzisa "ukwandisa usayizi" zinciphisa kakhulu kumaseli amakhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokungabi nesisekelo semboni esanele, kunzima ukufinyelela ezindlekweni ezinkulu, futhi izindleko zokuthenga ezinye izinto zingase zibe phezulu.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngokubaluleka kakhulu, kunezinkinga zobuchwepheshe nezokuphepha ezingagwenywa ezibangelwa "ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu". Usayizi omkhulu wezicell ubeka izidingo eziphezulu ekuphumeleleni kokukhiqiza, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula ukukhiqizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izicell ezinkulu kakhulu zingase zibe nezinkinga ezinkulu zokusebenza mayelana nezikhathi zokuphila (ukulawula ukwehla) kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhlala kwamandla kuhambisana nezingozi ezandayo zokuphuma kokushisa. Izicell ezinkulu kakhulu zigcina amandla amaningi ngaphezulu kweyodwa, okusho ukuthi uma kwenzeka ukuphuma kokushisa, amandla okubhubhisa kanye nengcuphe yokusabalala kwanda kakhulu. Ukuvumelana okucacile embonini ukuthi izicell ezinkulu kakhulu ezisezingeni eliphezulu akufanele ziqhubeke zikhuphula imikhawulo yobukhulu bemvelo kodwa kufanele zifeze ibhalansi efanele yokusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nezindleko ngaphakathi kobukhulu obufanele.

Ucwaningo lwezikhungo ezifana neMorgan Stanley luphinde lukhombise ukuthi ubukhulu bokugcina amandla kanye nezinga lokwehla kuvame ukuba nekhono elihle. Njengoba imboni yokugcina amandla ingena esikhathini esisha, ikhono lokulawula izinga lokwehla kwamacell lizoba enye yezinto ezisemqoka ezizokwenza umkhiqizo ube neqhaza eliqinile nokuhluka kwezintengo. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe obuhle bamacell kufanele buhlinzeke ngesisombululo esiphelele esifeza ukukhiqizwa okwandayo, umnotho ophakeme, kanye nempilo yesikhawu ephakeme eneziqinisekiso zokuphepha.

Bheka phambili, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla bukholelwa ukuthi buzothuthuka ngezindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile ezihambisanayo:

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaseli e-lithium iron phosphate anomthamo omkhulu amelelwa ngu-500Ah+ azoqhubeka nokusebenza njengemakethe eyinhloko, ehambisa ukwehla kwezindleko zohlelo kanye nokwamukelwa kabanzi ngenxa yokuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji, ukujwayelana, kanye nezinzuzo zokukhiqiza ngobuningi. Ukulethwa kwamuva kwamaseli amakhulu afana no-587Ah no-628Ah kubonisa ukuguqulwa kwamaseli amakhulu kusuka emlabathini kuya esigabeni esisha sokusetshenziswa ngobuningi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlelo ze-electrochemical zesizukulwane esilandelayo ezimele ngama-bhathri e-solid-state, ezinezinsiza zazo ezithakazelisayo ekuphepheni okujwayelekile, ubukhulu obuphakeme bokugcina amandla, kanye nokuphila kwesikhathi eside, kulindeleke ukuthi kancane kancane kudlule ezikhungweni zokuhlola ziye ezinhlelweni zokubonisa. Zibamba amathuba okuba yizinketho zobuchwepheshe ezibalulekile zokugcina amandla isikhathi eside esizayo kanye nezimo ezithile ezidinga ukuphepha okuphezulu.