Itheknoloji entsha ye-Electrolyte evela e-CUHK ixazulula izinkinga zokuphepha zamabhethri e-lithium-ion

Kusukela kumabhethri aphinde alungiswe kumadivayisi kagesi aphathekayo kuya emithonjeni yamandla yamabhayisikili kagesi kanye nezimoto ezintsha zamandla, izingozi zokuphepha ezidalwe ukushisa nokushisa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion seziye zaba yinkinga enkulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusho kombiko we-CNN ngomhla ka-22, ubuchwepheshe obusha obuthuthukiswe ithimba locwaningo oluvela eNyuvesi yaseShayina eHong Kong (CUHK) bunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuphahlazeka nokushisa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi le teknoloji izosetshenziswa ngokuhweba phakathi kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ezayo.

Umbiko uveza ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinsizeni ezihlukahlukene ezivela kumafoni aphathekayo kuya ezimotweni ezintsha zamandla. Abacwaningi baphawule ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium-ion anokuphepha okuhle ngaphansi kwezimo zokusetshenziswa ezijwayelekile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kungaholela ezinsongweni zomlilo futhi ngisho nemiphumela efinyelela ekufeni ezimeni ezinzima. Isizathu sithi i-electrolyte egcwele ngaphakathi kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion iyashisa. Uma ibhekene nokuphuka komzimba, ukugcwalisa ngokweqile, izimo zokushisa eziphakeme kakhulu nezomswakama, noma amaphutha enqubweni yokukhiqiza, amabhethri azolahlekelwa kancane kancane ukuzinza. Uma kwenzeka okungajwayelekile, izinga lokushisa lebhethri lizokhuphuka ngokushesha futhi likhanyise i-electrolyte, ngaleyo ndlela kuqale ukuphazamiseka okungelaphekiwa okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphuma kokushisa". Idatha ethile ebalulekile ibonisa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2024 kuphela, kwagcinwa izigameko ezingu-89 ezihlobene namabhethri, umusi, umlilo noma izigameko eziphakeme zokushisa emkhakheni wezokuthutha wezindiza zomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele; empilweni yansuku zonke, izigameko zomlilo zamabhethri ezibhasikidi zikagesi, izikhwama zikagesi nezinye izinsiza nazo azijwayelekile.

Ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba lokuphepha, umphakathi wezocwaningo lwezesayensi emhlabeni jikelele usuphendule ngokusebenza ngokubambisana ekucwaningeni kwezobuchwepheshe, njengokuthuthukisa ama-electrolyte aqinile noma ama-gel anokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu ukuze athathe indawo ama-electrolyte amanzi ajwayelekile. Nokho, lezi zixazululo zidinga ukuguqulwa okukhulu emigqeni yokukhiqiza ibhethri esivele ikhona, okukhuphula kakhulu umkhawulo wokwenziwa kwezimboni futhi kunciphisa ijubane lokusabalalisa le teknoloji. Ngokuphambene, uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kwe-lithium-ion battery oluphakanyiswe ithimba le-CUHK ludinga kuphela ukushintsha izingxenye zamakhemikhali ku-electrolyte esivele ikhona ngaphandle kokushintsha izixhumanisi eziyisisekelo zenqubo yokukhiqiza.

Abacwaningi beqembu bachaze ukuthi imbangela eyinhloko yokushiswa kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion ukuhamba kwe-electrolyte ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, okukhulula inani elikhulu lokushisa futhi kuqale umjikelezo ophindaphindayo. I-electrolyte ethuthukisiwe isebenzisa uhlelo lwezixazululo ezimbili, olungavimbela kahle le nqubo yokuphendula eyingozi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezijwayelekile, i-solvent yokuqala ingagcina ukujula kwesakhiwo samakhemikhali sangaphakathi sebhethri, iqinisekisa ukukhipha ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwebhethri; uma izinga lokushisa lebhethri likhuphuka ngendlela engajwayelekile, i-solvent yesibili izovula ngokushesha indlela yokuvikela, ivimbele ubungozi bomlilo kusukela emthonjeni ngokukhulula isakhiwo samakhemikhali futhi yehlise ijubane lempendulo ephathelene nokushisa okuphakeme.

I-CNN ibike idatha yokuhlola yelebhu ekhombisa ukuthi ngemuva kokuthi ibhethri ye-lithium-ion ethatha le teknoloji entsha ibhujiswe yithuluzi, izinga lokushisa lenyukela kuphela ku-3.5 degrees Celsius; uma kuqhathaniswa, izinga lokushisa lamabhethri e-lithium-ion ajwayelekile lenyukela ku-555 degrees Celsius ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlola ezifanayo. Abacwaningi bagcizelele ukuthi le ndlela yobuchwepheshe ngeke ibe nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni okuyinhloko nasekuphila kwesikhathi sebhhethri. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisile ukuthi ngemuva kwezikhathi eziyi-1000 zokushaja-nokukhishwa, amandla ebhethri angasagcina ngaphezu kuka-80% kwenani lokuqala, egcwalisa ngokuphelele izidingo zokusetshenziswa kwezohwebo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengoba le teknoloji ihilela kuphela ukushintshwa kwezinto zokwakha i-electrolyte ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungisa imigqa yokukhiqiza esele, inezimo eziyisisekelo zokusheshisa ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Kubalwa ukuthi ngemuva kokukhiqizwa okukhulu, izindleko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion asebenzisa le teknoloji zizoba cishe zifana nezemikhiqizo ejwayelekile yamanje. Okwamanje, ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene sebufikile esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kokuhweba. UDonald Finnegan, isayensi ephezulu eMnyangweni Wezobuchwepheshe BezeMvelo e-United States, uthe: "Le mpumelelo yobuchwepheshe iyajabulisa, okusho ukuthi amabhethri e-lithium-ion azokwazi ukumelana nezimo zokusebenza ezinzima ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezixhumi ezimfushane, ngokuyisisekelo evikela ubungozi bomlilo."