I-Battery ye-Solid-State Ishaya Umzila Ojabulisayo: Umkhakha Wamabhethri e-Lithium Ubhekene Noshintsho Olusondele Lwesimo

Ukukhula kwezimboni zamabhethri e-solid-state kusheshe kakhulu engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2026. Ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, i-Toyota yamemezela ukuthi umugqa wayo wokuhlola wokukhiqiza usuzuze amandla okukhiqiza ngobuningi obuncane, ngezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngamabhethri e-all-solid-state ezimotweni eziphezulu zakwaLexus ngasekupheleni konyaka, okunikeza ibanga elingaphezu kuka-1,200 wamakhilomitha. Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, i-GAC Group yaseChina kanye ne-WeLion New Energy baveze ukuthi amabhethri abo e-semi-solid kanye ne-all-solid-state azofakwa ngokusemthethweni ezimotweni futhi athunyelwe engxenyeni yesine ka-2026. Lokhu kuhlangana kwezimpawu ezibalulekile kukhombisa ukuthi "umgwaqo wokugcina" usuka elabhorethri uye emakethe uvalwa ngokushesha.

Embonini enkulu yamabhethri e-liquid lithium, lokhu kuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kuyithuba kanye nenselelo enkulu. Njengoba amandla okugcina amandla edlula ama-400 Wh/kg, ukuphepha okungokwemvelo, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuhle emazingeni okushisa ahlukahlukene, amabhethri aqinile anamandla okuxazulula ngokuphelele ukukhathazeka ngebanga kanye nezingozi zokushisa ezihlala zihlotshaniswa namabhethri e-liquid. Nokho, ukushintsha kwe-electrolyte eyinhloko isuka koketshezi iye kokulukhuni kuguqula umqondo wezimboni: izihlukanisi zendabuko kanye nama-electrolyte aketshezi abhekana nokuncipha kwesidingo. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhethri aqinile azoshayela isidingo esikhulayo sama-anode e-lithium ensimbi, ama-cathode e-nickel aphezulu kakhulu, kanye nama-conductive agents esizukulwane esilandelayo, okubangela ukusatshalaliswa kabusha okukhulu kwenani kuwo wonke umzila wokuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezingaphezulu.

Isiqondiso samasu sesivele sicacile phakathi kwabadlali abahamba phambili. I-CATL isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri eliminyene njengebhuloho, kuyilapho i-BYD ne-Gotion High-tech zithuthukisa kanyekanye ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphakathi kwemizila ye-sulfide ne-oxide electrolyte. Umbono wethu wezeluleko ucacile: abakhiqizi bezinto ezincane naphakathi abahluleka ukusheshe baphume endaweni yabo yokunethezeka yemikhiqizo evamile ye-PVDF ne-LiPF₆ basengozini yokulahlekelwa kakhulu yingxenye yemakethe eminyakeni emithathu kuya kweyisihlanu ezayo.

Sinikeza izincomo ezilandelayo ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zochungechunge lwenani:

: Sheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-nickel ephezulu kakhulu ne-lithium-rich manganese-based materials eklanyelwe izinhlelo ze-solid-state, futhi usungule ubudlelwano obujulile bokuhlola nokuhlanganisa kanye nabakhiqizi bamaseli.

: Shintsha ngendlela ehlelekile uye kubuchwepheshe boguquko njengezihlukanisi ezinamekwe nge-electrolyte eqinile kanye nama-electrolyte ahlanganisiwe, noma uthole izimo ezintsha zokusebenza zemikhiqizo emidala ekugcinweni kwamandla nakuma-electronics okusetshenziswa.

: Zibandakanye kusenesikhathi ekwakhiweni kwephakethe, ekulungiseni isu le-BMS, kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa okukhethekile kumabhethri eqinile, futhi nithathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ubudlelwano nabahlinzeki abahamba phambili ezinkampanini ezihamba phambili zamabhethri eqinile.

Ikusasa eliseduze lamabhethri eqinile selifikile. Iqhutshwa yimimoya yenqubomgomo kanye nokungena kwemali, ushintsho lwemboni lwenzeka ngokushesha kunalokho abaningi ababelindele. Labo abathatha ithuba ezinhlelweni zezinto zokwakha kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza bayoba sesimweni esihle sokulawula indaba eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.