Okufanele Ukufunde Esitolo Sebhethri Le-Lithium: Amacebiso Okusebenza Phakathi Kokushintsha Kwezindleko Zika-Agasti, Ushintsho Lwezobuchwepheshe Nemithetho Emisha

Umkhakha wamabhetri e-lithium emhlabeni wonke usanda kukhipha iqoqo lezimpawu ezibalulekile mayelana nentengo, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nenqubomgomo, okunikeza abanikazi bezitolo ezizimele kanye nababukeli bomkhakha ithuba elisha lokwenza izinqumo ezinamasu.

Intuthuko egqame kakhulu ukwehla okuqhubekayo kwamanani kasawoti we-lithium. Ngokusho kwedatha evela ezikhungweni eziningi zezimboni ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, intengo yemakethe ye-battery-grade lithium carbonate yehle yafinyelela cishe ku-RMB 65,000 ngetoni, ukwehla okungaphezu kuka-20% kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka. Lokhu kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukushesha kokukhuphuka kwamandla okukhiqiza emachibini kasawoti ase-Argentina nasezimayini eziqinile zase-Afrika, kanye nokunciphisa izimpahla ngabakhiqizi bamaseli abangaphansi. Ukwehla kwamanani e-lithium okungaphezu kwalokho obekulindelekile kuqondisa ngqo ukwehla kwezindleko zokukhiqiza amaseli, okungenzeka kuqhubekisele phambili isidingo samaphrojekthi okugcina amandla nezinhlobo zemoto zikagesi eziphakathi nendawo. Nokho, abahwebi abagcine izimpahla ngamanani aphezulu kanye neminye imikhiqizo yezimayini enezindleko eziphezulu babhekene nengcindezi enkulu yokusebenza ekhula ngokushesha.

Kwezobuchwepheshe, amabhetri esimo esiqinile aphinde abamba indawo yokuqala. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi, i-Toyota yakhipha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwehlobo yemoto yayo eyingqayizivele enebhetri lesimo esiqinile, ethola ibanga elingaphezu kuka-1,200 km kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kwemizuzu eyi-10 kufinyelele ku-80%, ngenkathi iphinde igcizelela uhlelo lwayo lokukhiqiza ngobuningi ngo-2027. Ngokufanayo, i-CATL yaseChina yamemezela ukuthi ibhetri layo le-condensed matter selivele liboniswe ekusetshenzisweni kwezindiza ngogesi, futhi lihlelelwe ukufakwa ezimotweni zabathengi ezisezingeni eliphezulu zozakwethu ngekota yesine yalo nyaka. Izindaba ezinjalo zibonisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-semi-solid kanye ne-all-solid-state buya ngokushesha ukusuka elabhorethri buya emuva kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Nakuba kungenzeki ukuthi kushintshe ukubusa kwamabhetri e-liquid lithium esikhathini esifushane, okulindelekile kokuhlelwa kabusha kwe-supply chain kuqhuba izinkampani ezingaphezulu ezithenga izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuba zizibeke endaweni yazo kusenesikhathi.

Emthethweni, ijubane lokuqiniswa kokusebenza koMthethonqubo Omusha Wamabhethri we-EU liyaqhubeka nokuqina. “Iphasi yebhethri” (ehlanganisa i-carbon footprint, ukuhlolwa kokuthembeka kwe-supply chain, njll.), obekuyimpoqo kusukela ngoFebhuwari 2026, ibone izimemezelo zokuqala zokuqinisekiswa kokuthobela imithetho ezivela ezinkampanini ezihamba phambili zaseShayina ngo-Agasti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMnyango Wezobuchwepheshe Nolwazi waseShayina ukhishwe inguqulo entsha yezinga lomkhakha lokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamabhethri asebekhulile ngoJulayi, kugcizelelwa kakhulu ukuphakanyiswa komkhawulo wezemvelo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-cascade nasekugayweni kabusha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekuthunyelweni kwamabhethri ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMelika, kanye nakuchungechunge lomkhakha wokugaywa kabusha wasekhaya, ikhono lokuthobela imithetho seliphenduke umgoqo omusha wokuncintisana ongumongo.

Ngokusekelwe kulokhu okungenhla, imininingwane yethu yokweluleka ngesigaba samabhetri e-lithium ezitolo ezizimele imi kanje:

: Ukwehla kwamanani amabhetri kungathuthukisa inzuzo ephelele yemikhiqizo efana neziteshi zamandla eziphathwayo nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezindlini. Kuyelulekwa ukuthi kugqamiswe izindikimba zokwehliswa kwamanani amabhetri e-lithium esitolo futhi kuhlelwe imisebenzi yokukhangisa.

: Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-condensed matter noma be-semi-solid battery njengendlela yokwehlukanisa ukubuka kuqala imikhiqizo emisha esezingeni eliphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela uqongelela igunya lokukala ekufuneni.

: Uma imikhiqizo ithunyelwa eYurophu, thola iphasipoti yebhetri kanye nezitifiketi ezihlobene ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ubonise izimpawu zokuthobela emakhasini emininingwane yomkhiqizo ukuze ukhuphule amazinga okuguqula abathengi.

: Njengoba igagasi lokuthatha umhlalaphansi kwamabhetri lisondela, izingxenye ezihlobene noma izinsiza zokugaywa kabusha zingethulwa njengesigaba somkhiqizo esengeziwe.