Ubuchwepheshe bebhathri bume phambili kwezixazululo zokugcina amandla zanamuhla, budlala indima ebalulekile kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukene. Kusukela ekunikezeni amandla ezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezihambayo kuya ekwenzeni ukugcina amandla avuselelekayo, ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bebhathri kusekela ushintsho lwezomnotho emhlabeni jikelele oluya ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphila kahle nokuphumelelayo. Le ndatshana ibheka izitayela zakamuva, ukuhamba kwemakethe, ubuchwepheshe obuphuma, kanye nezinto ezibhekelela ukuqhubeka kokuphila kahle okwakha ubuchwepheshe bebhathri ngo-2023, inikeza ukubuka konke okuphelele kumabhizinisi kanye nochwepheshe bamandla.

Izobuchwepheshe zokugcina amandla seziwumgogodla njengoba isidingo samandla athembekile, aphathekayo, futhi avuselelekayo sikhula emhlabeni jikelele. Amabhethri, ikakhulukazi lawo angashintshwa, asebenza njengesisekelo salolu shintsho, evumela ukuhlukaniswa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla nokusetshenziswa. Ukuvela kobuchwepheshe bamabhethri kusekele izimoto zikagesi (EVs), ukugcina amandla okwenziwa kwenethiwekhi, kanye nezinto eziphathwayo, kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile nokunciphisa ukuncika kumafutha emvelo. Ukubaluleka kwezinhlelo zamabhethri advanced kukhona ekwazini kwazo ukugcina inani elikhulu lamandla ngendlela efanele, ephephile, futhi enenzuzo. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-EBAK zifaka isandla kulolu siko ngokuthuthukisa izixazululo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezihloselwe amathuluzi kagesi, ama-e-bikes, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla, kugcizelela izicelo ezisebenzayo zalolu shintsho.

Ukuvuselelwa kobuchwepheshe bebhathri akukhona kuphela ngokuqinisa ubukhulu bamandla kodwa futhi nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ukuphila isikhathi eside, kanye nokuhlonipha imvelo. Njengoba izinqubomgomo zamandla emhlabeni jikelele ziqhubeka nokugxila ekusimameni, imboni yebhathri ibhekene nenselelo yokulinganisa ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza nomthelela wemvelo. Le miphumela ebanzi ibheka ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okwamanje, imikhuba yemakethe, kanye nobuchwepheshe besikhathi esizayo bahlangabezana kanjani nalezi zinselelo.

Ngo-2023, amabhethri e-lithium-ion asaqhubeka nokuba ubuchwepheshe obuphambili ekugcineni amandla ngenxa yokuphakama kwawo kokuhlala kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza ezinciphayo. Ukuhlolwa okukhulu kugxile ekuthuthukiseni izinto zokwakha i-cathode, izixazululo ze-electrolyte, kanye nezakhiwo zamacell ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo yebhethri nokuphepha. Intuthuko ye-CATL ibonisa le mikhuba, iletha ama-cell e-lithium-ion athuthukisiwe anokuzinza okungcono kokushisa kanye nokugcina amandla aphezulu, ukusiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zezithuthi zikagesi kanye nokugcina okukhulu.

Ngaphandle kwe-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-sodium-ion athole ukunakwa okukhulu njengokunye okukhethwayo ngenxa yokwenzeka nokubiza okuphansi kwe-sodium uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lithium. Ubuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion buhlinzeka ngethemba lokunciphisa izithiyo zokuhlinzeka nokwehlisa izindleko zezinto ezingavuthiwe ngenkathi kugcinwa amandla okugcina anokuncintisana. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luthuthukisile izilinganiso zokusebenza kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion, kuhlanganisa impilo yesikhawu nobukhulu bamandla, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi kube khona ukugcina amandla kwenethiwekhi nezicelo ezibiza kancane.

Lezi zindlela zamanje zishintsha umkhakha wamabhethri, nabakhiqizi abafana ne-EBAK behlanganisa izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ze-lithium-ion emikhiqizweni yabo, behlinzeka ngezinsiza zamathuluzi kagesi, ama-e-bikes, nezicelo zokugcina amandla. Ukuzibophezela kwabo ekuqhamukeni kuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende athola ukufinyelela ezixazululweni zamabhethri ezithembekile nezibiza kancane ezihambisana nezidingo zamandla zanamuhla.

Imakethe yamabhethri ngo-2023 iyaqhubeka nokukhula okuqinile okuqhutshwa ukwamukelwa kwemoto kagesi, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nezidingo ze-elektroniki ezithwalwayo. Ukuhlaziywa kwemakethe kukhombisa izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe (CAGR) elidlula u-15%, lapho amabhethri e-lithium-ion athola ingxenye enkulu. Ukukhula kuqhutshwa izikhuthazo zik government, ukuvuselelwa kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokwanda kokwazi kwabathengi ngothutho oluqhubekayo.

Izimboni ezahlukene ziwathola la maphuzu. Umkhakha wezimoto usebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion aphezulu ukuze wandise ibanga le-EV futhi unciphise isikhathi sokushaja. Abahlinzeki bezinhlaka zamandla avuselelekayo basebenzisa ukugcina amabhethri ukuze balungise izinhlelo zamandla futhi baphucule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga nomoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wezinto zikagesi uncike kumabhethri amancane, asebenza kahle ukuze athuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwemishini nokuphila isikhathi eside.

Ukubaluleka kwezinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK ekuhlinzekeni ngamabhethri e-lithium-ion akhethekile kukhombisa ukugxila kwemakethe ekwakheni nasekuthuthukiseni. Iphothifoliyo yabo ebanzi isekela izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, iqinisa indima ebalulekile amabhethri adlalayo ezimbonini eziningi.

Ukubheka phesheya kwezobuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion ne-sodium-ion, izinguquko ezizayo zamabhethri zikhulisa ikusasa lokugcina amandla. Amabhethri e-solid-state, ngokwesibonelo, ashintsha i-electrolyte ye-liquid nge-solid, anikeza ukwanda kokugcinwa kwamandla, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nezimpilo ezinde. Le teknoloji ibhekana nezithiyo eziningi zamabhethri ajwayelekile futhi ilindele ukwenziwa kwezohwebo eminyakeni ezayo.

Amabhethri e-lithium sulfur ayenye inguquko ethembisayo, anikeza ukugcinwa kwamandla okukhulu okukhuluma ngakho ngentengo engaphansi. Nakuba esabhekene nezinselelo ezihlobene nokuzinza kwemijikelezo nokwehla kwezinto, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lwenza intuthuko enkulu ekwenzeni kube yizohwebo.

Amabhethri e-flow, afana ne-vanadium redox flow battery, anikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile zokugcina amandla ngezinga elikhulu. Ngokugcina amandla kumalitha amanzi angaphandle, amabhethri e-flow avumela amandla akhuphukayo kanye nezikhathi zokuphila ezinde, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni ze-grid. Lezi zinto zikhombisa ukuhlanganiswa nokuphila, zinikeza ezinye izinketho ezihlanganyela namabhethri e-solid-state kanye namabhethri ase-lithium.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK ziqapha lezi zinguquko ngokucophelela, zifaka ubuchwepheshe obuphuma lapho kungenzeka ukuze zandise imikhiqizo yazo yamabhethri aphezulu futhi zihlangabezane nezidingo ezishintshashintshayo zabathengi nezimboni.

Umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqiza nokuqedwa kwamabhethri usuphenduke into ebalulekile embonini. Ukumba izinto zokwakha, izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithatha amandla amaningi, kanye nezinsalela zamabhethri ekupheleni kokuphila zenza izinselelo ezinkulu zemvelo. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamabhethri obuhlala busebenza kugxile ekunciphiseni lezi zimpempe ngokuthuthukisa ukujikeleza, ukusebenza kahle kwezinto, nokwamukela izindlela zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza.

Izindlela zokujikeleza zikhule, zivumela ukuvuselelwa kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kanye ne-nickel, kunciphisa isidingo sezinto eziphilayo. Ukuqhamuka kwezinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwamabhethri kuthuthukisa futhi ukujikeleza ngokwenza kube lula ukuhluza nokusebenzisa izingxenye ezilungele imvelo.

Ukuzibophezela kwe-EBAK ekugcineni imvelo kubonakala ekulawuleni kwabo kwekhwalithi nasezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza okugcizelela ukuqina nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Ngokunikeza amabhethri anempilo ende nokwenza kube lula ukuhlela kabusha ekupheleni kokuphila, bafaka isandla ekunciphiseni imiphumela yemvelo yokufakwa kwamabhethri.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe obusha bamabhethri obufana namabhethri e-solid-state kanye namabhethri e-sodium-ion ngokuvamile asebenzisa izinto ezingalimazi kakhulu noma ezitholakala kalula, kuhambisana nezinhloso ezibanzi zokugcina imvelo.

Ubuchwepheshe bebhathri ngo-2023 bukhona endaweni ejabulisayo, bushayelwa yokuqhubeka kokwakhiwa, imakethe ekhula, kanye nezinkinga eziphuthumayo zokugcina imvelo. Ukubusa kwamabhathri e-lithium-ion kuhlanganyela nezinketho ezivela phambili ezifana ne-sodium-ion, i-solid-state, i-lithium sulfur, kanye namabhathri e-flow, ngakunye kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile. Ukukhula kwemakethe kuhlala kuqinile, kusekelwa ngezinhlelo ezihlanganisa izimoto zikagesi, ukugcina amandla, kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezithwalwayo.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zidlala indima ebalulekile kule ndawo eshintshashintshayo ngokuletha izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe zamabhathri e-lithium-ion ahlangabezana nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zezimboni kanye nezokuthenga, kugxilwe ekwakheni nasekugcineni imvelo. Njengoba ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kuqhubeka, ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bebhathri libonisa izinhlelo zokugcina amandla eziphephile, ezisebenzayo, nezihambisana nemvelo ezizokwenza kube lula ukuhamba komhlaba kuya esikhathini esizayo esigcinwe kahle samandla.

Kubantu abathanda izixazululo ezithembekile nezintsha zamabhethri, ukuhlola imikhiqizo efana naleyo enikezwa yi-EBAK kungahlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibalulekile. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngalezi zinsiza kanye nomlando wenkampani, vakashela Imikhiqizo kanye Ngathi amakhasi. Ukuze uthole izixazululo eziphelele zokugcina amandla kanye nemibono yezezimboni, Ikhaya le khasi linikeza ulwazi oluwusizo.