Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buyisisekelo sezimboni zezimoto zikagesi (EV) eziguquguqukayo ngokushesha. Njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke sezixazululo zokuhamba ezihlanzekile sikhula, ukuhlala unolwazi ngezinto zakamuva zobuchwepheshe bebhethri kubalulekile kubakhiqizi, abathengi, nababambiqhaza bemboni ngokufanayo. Lesi sihloko sihluza kabanzi izindaba zamanje, izinto ezintsha, nezinto ezakha ikusasa lamabhethri e-EV, ngenkathi kugqanyiswa intuthuko ebalulekile evela kubadlali abahamba phambili njenge-EBAK, i-CATL, nabanye. Siphinde sihlole ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu njengamabhethri e-solid-state nezingxenye zamabhethri e-graphene buguqula kanjani ukusebenza, ukusebenza kahle, nokusimama.

Izindaba zobuchwepheshe bebhethri zigcwele izindaba ezinhle ezihlose ukuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, nokuphepha. Izinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwebhethri, njengokwamukelwa kwezinto ze-silicon anode kanye nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa bebhethri eliqinile (solid-state battery), zithemba ukuthuthuka okukhulu ebangeni le-EV kanye nesivinini sokushaja. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhethri aqinile, ashintsha izinto eziwuketshezi ngezingxenye eziqinile, anikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nengozi encishisiwe yokushisa ngokweqile. Abakhiqizi abakhulu njenge-CATL batshale imali enkulu kuleli buchwepheshe, baphushela ukuthengiswa kwayo maduze nje.

Ucwaningo lwebhethri ye-graphene nayo iyathola amandla, isebenzisa ukudluliswa kukagesi okungcono kakhulu kwe-graphene namandla ayo emishini. Amabhethri anezikhuphukisiwe ze-graphene angahlinzeka ngezikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo nokuphila okwandisiwe komjikelezo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlelwano njengokubambisana kwe-LG ne-Mercedes-Benz kusaqhubeka nokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa ngokuhlanganisa amakhemistri ebhethri athuthukile nezinhlelo zokudonsa zikagesi zesizukulwane esilandelayo.

Ukutholwa nokusimama kwezinto ezibalulekile ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel, ne-manganese kudlala indima enkulu ekuhlinzekeni ngezinto zamabhethri e-EV. Izenzo zokumba ezizwakalayo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha zibaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwesikhathi eside nokuziphendulela kwemvelo. Ama-anode e-silicon, ngokwesibonelo, adinga i-cobalt ne-nickel encane, okunciphisa ukuncika kulezi zinsiza ezinomkhawulo futhi kuthuthukise ukusimama kwebhethri.

I-EBAK, eyaziwa ngezixazululo zayo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion ezisezingeni eliphezulu, igcizelela ukutholwa kwezinto ezizwakalayo nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe ukuze kunikezwe imikhiqizo yamandla esimeme. Ukuzibophezela kwabo ezixazululweni ezinobungani nemvelo kuhambisana nemizamo yomkhakha wonkana yokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo ekukhiqizeni amabhethri. Ukutholwa okusimeme akugcini nje ngokubhekana nezikhalazo zemvelo kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa izindleko zamabhethri nokwethembeka kokuhlinzekwa.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja kubalulekile ekwamukelweni kwezimoto zikagesi (EVs). Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo, okuhlanganisa nama-charger asezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu e-DC kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri ezintsha, kunciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokushaja futhi kuthuthukise ukulula komsebenzisi. Izinto ezintsha ekwakhekeni kwamabhethri zivumela amazinga aphezulu okwamukela ukushaja ngaphandle kokudicilela phansi impilo yebhethri, kuthuthukisa umuzwa wokuba nemoto kagesi jikelele.

Izinkampani nabahlinzeki bengqalasizinda baqhubeka nokwandisa amanethiwekhi okushaja ngokushesha ukuze kusekelwe uhambo olude nokuhamba emadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa nemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo nobuchwepheshe be-smart grid kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kahle kwamandla nokusimama. Lezi zithuthukisi zenza izimoto zikagesi zisebenze kakhudlwana futhi zikhangwe isisekelo esibanzi sabathengi.

Ngaphandle kwezinto zokwakha nokushaja, ubuchwepheshe obusha ezinhlelweni zokuphatha ibhethri (BMS), ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nesakhiwo samaseli kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwebhethri. Ama-algorithm athuthukisiwe e-BMS alungisa imijikelezo yokushaja nokukhipha amandla, ngaleyo ndlela enweba impilo nokwethembeka kwebhethri. Izixazululo ezintsha zokuphatha izinga lokushisa zivimbela ukushisa ngokweqile nokubola, okubalulekile ekugcineni ibanga elingaguquki le-EV nokuphepha.

Ucwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu ngokuwohloka kwamabhethri lunikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuphila kwamangqamuzana. Ngokwesibonelo, izifundo zikhombisa ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-silicon anode kungandisa umthamo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuzinza emjikelezweni omningi wokushaja. Lezi zimpumelelo zobuchwepheshe zivumela izimoto ezisebenzisa ugesi ezifana nePorsche Taycan ukuthi zinikeze izipiliyoni zokushayela ezingcono ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zamabhethri ezithuthukisiwe.

Izimemezelo ezisemthethweni ezivela kubakhiqizi abahamba phambili zivame ukubonisa izinguquko ezibalulekile endaweni yobuchwepheshe bamabhethri. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwethulwa kwamabhethri abo e-solid-state alandelayo yi-CATL kubonisa ukuhambela izixazululo zokugcina amandla ezivikeleke kakhudlwana, ezihlala isikhathi eside. Ngokufanayo, ukubambisana njengobudlelwano phakathi kwe-LG ne-Mercedes-Benz kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwamasu ezivumelwaneni zokudala ukuze kuqhutshwe ukuncintisana emakethe.

Imakethe yebhethri iyaqhubeka nokuguquguquka ngezinto ezifana nokwanda kosayizi bamaphakethe ebhethri, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amandla, kanye nokuncishiswa kwezindleko okwenziwa inqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kanye nomnotho wokukala. Izibikezelo zesikhathi esizayo zikhombisa ukwamukelwa okwandayo kwamabhethri aqinile (solid-state) namabhethri e-graphene, angakwazi ukuchaza kabusha amazinga emboni ye-EV. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngalezi zindlela kubalulekile ukuze amabhizinisi akwazi ukuzulazula kahle emqhudelwaneni.

Ngokufingqa, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ezimotweni zikagesi buya ngokuya buya phambili ezindaweni eziningi - kusukela ekutholeni izinto ezibalulekile kanye nezimiso ezintsha zamakhemikhali kuya engqalasizinda yokushaja kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zidlala indima ebalulekile ngokunikeza izixazululo zebhethri le-lithium ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezisimeme ezihambisana nezicelo ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ama-EV, amathuluzi kagesi, kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla.

Ukuze uhlale unokuncintisana futhi unolwazi, ababambiqhaza kumele bahlanganyele njalo ngezinto ezintsha zakamuva, izindaba zemboni, kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Sikhuthaza abafundi ukuthi babhalisele izibuyekezo futhi bahlole izinsiza ezihlobene ukuze bajulise ukuqonda kwabo leli nsimu eshintsha njalo. Kulabo abanesifiso sokuhlola amabhethri e-lithium-ion asezingeni eliphezulu kanye nobuchwepheshe benkampani, vakashela i-Mayelana Nathi futhi Imikhiqizo amakhasi.