Izimoto zikagesi (EVs) zibone ukukhula okumangalisayo emashumini eminyaka adlule, okubangelwa kakhulu yintuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri. Ezingxenyeni eziningi zezimoto zikagesi namuhla kukhona ibhethri le-lithium-ion, elithandwa kakhulu ngamandla alo aphezulu nokusebenza kahle. Amabhethri la ashintshe kakhulu indlela esicabanga ngayo ngezokuthutha nokugcina amandla, avumela amabanga amade okushayela nezikhathi ezimfushane zokushaja uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokuqala. Kodwa-ke, njengoba isidingo sezimoto zikagesi sikhula futhi ukusimama kubaluleke kakhulu, abacwaningi nabakhiqizi bafuna njalo ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri ukunqoba imikhawulo yamanje njengezindleko, ukukhathazeka ngamabanga, ukuphila isikhathi eside, nomthelela emvelweni. Lesi sihloko sihluza izinto ezintsha zakamuva kanye nezinto ezintsha ezivelayo kubuchwepheshe bebhethri obusha bezimoto zikagesi, sigqamisa ukuthi le nqubekela phambili ithembisa kanjani ukuguqula ikusasa lokuhamba ngogesi.

Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion abusa emakethe amanje ezimoto zikagesi (EVs) ngenxa yesilinganiso esihle phakathi kwamandla, isisindo, kanye nezindleko. Izimoto eziningi ezithengiswayo zisebenzisa i-lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) noma i-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistry. Imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko igxile ekuthuthukiseni lezi chemistry ngokuthuthukisa amandla, ukuphepha, kanye nesikhathi sokuphila. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwanda kwenikel ezingxenyeni ze-cathode kuye kwalandelwa ukukhulisa umthamo, kuyilapho amabhethri e-LFP ethandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuzinza kwawo kwezinga lokushisa kanye nokuphila kwawo isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezishibhile. Izindaba zobuchwepheshe bamabhethri zivame ukubika ngale mizamo ye-R&D, ehlanganisa nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri, ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nokunciphisa ukuncika ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi be-supply chain.

Kube nezingqimbu ezinkulu ezintsha muva nje emkhakheni webhethri le-EV, okuthuthukisa amandla ezobuchwepheshe obukhona be-lithium-ion. Ngokukhethekile, inqubo ye-dry electrode yethulwe ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nomthelela emvelweni ngokukhipha izinto ezilimazayo ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-electrode. Ubuchwepheshe be-cell-to-pack bungomunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla futhi banciphise isisindo sebhethri ngokuhlanganisa amaselula ngqo ephakeji lebhethri ngaphandle kwamamojuli aphakathi, okuholela ekwakhiweni okuncane futhi okusebenza kahle kakhudlwana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-silicon anodes iyahlolwa ukufaka esikhundleni sama-graphite anodes akudala; i-silicon ingagcina izikhathi eziningi zamaselula e-lithium, okwandisa kakhulu amandla ebhethri. Lezi zithuthukisi zihambisana nokwamukelwa okwandayo kwamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP), athandwa kakhulu ngokuphepha kwawo nokuqina kwawo naphezu kokuminyana kwamandla okuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri anothile nge-nickel. Ngokuhlanganyela, lezi zingqimbu zinegalelo emibangeni yokushayela ende, ukushaja okusheshayo, nokusimama okuthuthukisiwe.

Ngokubheka ngalé kwe-lithium-ion, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ezilandelayo zisezingeni eliphezulu zithuthukiswa kakhulu. Amabhethri e-sodium-ion athola ukunakwa ngenxa yokuchichima kanye nezindleko eziphansi ze-sodium uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lithium. Ngenkathi amabhethri e-sodium-ion njengamanje enikeza amandla aphansi, ukuthuthukiswa ezintweni zokwakha kanye nomklamo kuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamandla okonga izindleko nokusimama, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezinkulu kanye nama-EV angabizi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amabhethri e-solid-state amelela ukweqa okukhulu kubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-EV. Ngokufaka izinto eziqinile esikhundleni sama-electrolyte angamanzi, lawa mabhethri anikeza ukuphepha okukhulu, amandla aphezulu, kanye nempilo ende. Izinkampani kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo emhlabeni wonke ziqhudelana ukwenza amabhethri e-solid-state atholakale kwezentengiselwano, anganciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokushaja futhi andise ibanga lemoto, ngaleyo ndlela axazulule izinkinga eziyinhloko zabathengi. Lobu buchwepheshe obusakhula bumela ikusasa lokuphumelela kwamabhethri futhi kulindeleke ukuthi buchaze kabusha ukusebenza kanye nokufinyeleleka kwezimoto zikagesi.

Ngaphandle kokuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri ajwayelekile, ubuchwepheshe obucatshangelwayo njengokushaja okungenantambo buheha intshisekelo njengengxenye yohlelo olubanzi lwezinto ezintsha ze-EV. Ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okungenantambo buhlose ukuqeda isidingo samalokhiyo ngokudlulisa amandla ngamasimu kagesi, okunikeza ukushajwa kabusha okulula, okungenazintambo. Noma ngabe kusasezingeni eliphezulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-EV okubanzi, amaphrojekthi okuqala kanye namamodeli abonisa amandla ayo okwandisa ukulula komsebenzisi nokukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwe-EV. Ezinye izinhlelo ezizayo zifaka amabhethri e-lithium-air, anikeza ngokomqondo ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kakhulu ngokusebenzisa umoya womoya njengomuntu wokubuyisela i-cathode. Noma ngabe ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-air abukakabi nenzuzo kwezentengiselwano, izindaba ezithuthukisiwe zobuchwepheshe bamabhethri zigqamisa intuthuko encane ekunqobeni izinselelo ezifana nokuzinza nokusebenza kahle. Lobu buchwepheshe obucatshangelwayo, noma ngabe abuthonyi imakethe ngokushesha, bumela izindlela ezijabulisayo zokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi eside ezixazulisweni zamandla e-EV.

Indawo yobuchwepheshe bebhethri le-EV iyashintsha ngokushesha, ngokuthuthuka okuningi okuthembisayo okubumba ikusasa lokuhamba ngogesi. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nokuqukethwe okwengeziwe kwe-nickel, izinqubo zamabhethri omile, ubuchwepheshe beseli-kuya-phakeji, kanye nama-anode esilicon kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nokonga kwezindleko zamabhethri e-lithium-ion namuhla. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa njengamabhethri e-sodium-ion kanye ne-solid-state bunikeza amathuba ajabulisayo ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo zezimoto zikagesi, zithembisa ibanga elikhulu, ukuphepha, kanye nokusimama. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izindlela zokucabanga ezifana nokushaja okungenantambo namabhethri e-lithium-air ziqhubeka nokucindezela imingcele yalokho okungenzeka. Kubathengi, lezi zithuthukisi ziguqulela ezimotweni zikagesi ezingathenjwa kakhulu, ezingabizi, futhi ezilula esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zidlala indima ebalulekile ngokuthuthukisa izixazululo zezibhethri ze-lithium-ion ezisezingeni eliphezulu eziklanyelwe izinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi kagesi, ama-e-bike, kanye nezimoto zikagesi. Ukuzibophezela kwazo kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe kanye nezixazululo zamandla ezisimeme kuhambisana nentuthuko eqhubekayo kubuchwepheshe bezibhethri, kuqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzisi bokugcina bathola izinketho zokugcina amandla ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezingathembekile. Kulabo abanesifiso sokuhlola imikhiqizo yezibhethri ezintsha, i-Imikhiqizoikhasi linikeza isibuyekezo esibanzi samabhethri e-lithium-ion atholakalayo aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zesimanje.

Ukuze uhlale unolwazi ngezindaba zakamuva ezithrendayo nezimpumelelo kwezobuchwepheshe bamabhethri, ukuvakashela i-Oxhumana Naboikhasi linikeza ukufinyelela kuzibuyekezo kanye nemininingwane yenkampani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Ikhayaikhasi libonisa ububanzi obugcwele bezixazululo zezibhethri ze-lithium ezivela eSuzhou, Jiangsu, liqinisekisa ukuzibophezela ekwenzeni izinto ezintsha kanye nekhwalithi embonini yezibhethri. Njengoba izinto ezintsha zezibhethri ziqhubeka nokuvela, abantu bangalindela ikusasa lapho izimoto zikagesi ziba ngcono, zibe ngabiza kancane, futhi zitholakale kalula.