Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri busezingeni eliphezulu lokuguqukela emhlabeni wonke ezixazululweni zamandla ezisimeme. Njengoba isidingo sokugcinwa kwamandla okusebenza kahle, okuthembekile, nokungenzi monakalo emvelweni sikhula, ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kubalulekile. Lesi sihloko sihluza indawo ehlukahlukene yobuchwepheshe bebhethri, izitayela zamanje, kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo, sigqamisa izicelo zazo kanye nezinto ezithinta imvelo. Siphinde sihlole indima yabenzi abahamba phambili njenge-EBAK ekuhlinzekeni ngebhethri le-lithium-ion elihamba phambili elinika amandla imikhakha eminingi.

Amabhethri amadivayisi e-electrochemical aguqula amandla amakhemikhali agcinwe abe amandla kagesi, avumela amandla aphathwayo nezixazululo zokugcina amandla kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezicelo. Kusukela ekunikezeni amandla amadivayisi ansuku zonke kuya ekunikezeni amandla izimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) nokugcina amandla enethiwekhi, ubuchwepheshe bamabhethri buyisisekelo sengqalasizinda yamandla yesimanje. Ukuguquka okuqhubekayo kumakhemikhali namklamo wamabhethri kuqhutshwa yisidingo samandla aphezulu, impilo ende, ukushaja okusheshayo, ukuthuthukiswa kokuphepha, kanye nokuncishiswa komthelela emvelweni. Ukuqonda izimiso eziyinhloko nezinhlobonhlobo zamabhethri kubalulekile njengoba izimboni zijika zibheke ezinhlelweni zamandla ezihlanzekile.

Ngokuyisisekelo, amabhethri ahlanganisa i-anode, i-cathode, i-electrolyte, kanye nesihlukanisi, esisebenza ngokubambisana ukwenza lula ukuhamba kwama-ion nokunyakaza kwama-electron. Ukuqanjwa okusha ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo kanye nesakhiwo kuthinta ngqo izilinganiso zokusebenza njengomthamo, impilo yomjikelezo, kanye nokuzinza. Umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe bamabhethri ushintsha kakhulu, uqukethe izinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi zamakhemistri nobuchwepheshe obuqondiswe ezimweni ezithile zokusetshenziswa, kusukela ezintweni zikagesi zabathengi kuya ezokuthutha ezinesisindo ezisebenza ngogesi kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla okukhulu.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zisebenzisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zakhe amabhethri e-lithium-ion asezingeni eliphezulu enzelwe amathuluzi kagesi, ama-e-bike, izimoto ezizihambelayo ezizenzakalelayo (ama-AGV), kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Ukuzibophezela kwabo ekulawuleni ikhwalithi nasekuqambeni izinto ezintsha kubenza babe abadlali ababalulekile emkhakheni obuyayo wezimboni zamabhethri.

Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion ahlala eyi-technology ebusayo emakethe yamanje ngenxa yokuqina kwawo kwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kahle, nokuphila isikhathi eside. Anika amandla izimoto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi eziphathekayo, nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Ngaphakathi kulesi sigaba, izinhlobo ezikhethekile ezifana namabhethri e-lithium sulfur zinikeza amandla aphezulu athuthukisiwe kanye namandla entengo ephansi, yize bebhekana nezinselelo ekuphileni komjikelezo nasekuqinisweni.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid, asetshenziswa ngokwesiko kuma-starter ezimoto kanye nezicelo ezizinzile, anikeza izinzuzo zezindleko nokwethembeka kodwa awanawo amandla amaningi kanye nezinzuzo zesikhathi sokuphila njengama-lithium-ion counterparts. Ahlala efaneleka kwezinye izicelo ezidinga ukuqina kanye nezindleko zokuqala eziphansi.

Amabhethri aqinile asakhula ayakhanga ukunakwa okukhulu, okuhlanganisa nabakhiqizi abafana ne-CATL, ngamandla abo okuguqula ukuphepha kwamabhethri, ukuminyana kwamandla, namazinga okushaja. Ngokufaka isikhungo esiqinile esikhundleni soketshezi, lawa mabhethri anciphisa ubungozi bokuvuza nokushisa ngokweqile, okuvumela amabhethri e-EV aphephile.

Ezinye ubuchwepheshe obusha buhlanganisa amabhethri e-vanadium redox flow, ahlinzeka ngokugcinwa kwamandla okuhlala isikhathi eside okufanele izicelo zenethi. Lawa mabhethri asebenzisa ama-ion e-vanadium kumagetsi oketshezi agcinwe ngaphandle, ahlinzeka ngempilo ende yomjikelezo kanye nezikhathi zokuphendula ezisheshayo.

Imboni yebhethri namuhla ibonakala ngokuqanjwa okusheshayo okugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza, ukwehlisa izindleko, nokuthuthukisa ukusimama. Phakathi kwezindlela ezihamba phambili kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri aqinile, athi ayokwehlula imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile be-lithium-ion. Ukuqaliswa kwezimali okubalulekile kuxhasa ucwaningo ezintweni ezifana ne-lithium metal anodes nama-electrolytes athuthukisiwe.

Enye indlela ebalulekile ukukala kwamandla okukhiqiza ibhethri, nezinye izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zandisa izindawo zazo zokukhiqiza ukuze zihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulu samabhethri e-lithium-ion ezimotweni zikagesi nezixazululo zokugcina amandla. Ukuhlanganiswa kwazo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuthuthukisiwe kuqinisekisa izixazululo zebhethri ezisebenza kahle, ezingathembekile ezihambisana nezidingo zemakethe.

Ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri kanye nezicelo zesibili zokuphila zithola amandla njengoba imboni ibhekana nezikhalazo zemvelo kanye nokushoda kwezinsiza. Ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwezinto zamabhethri akugcini nje ngokunciphisa udoti kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa izixhumanisi zokuhlinzekwa kwezimbiwa ezibalulekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokuphatha amabhethri (BMS) kuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle ngokuhlola njalo impilo yebhethri, izinga lokushisa, nemijikelezo yokushaja, okwandisa izimpilo zokusebenza.

Ububanzi bezobuchwepheshe bebhethri buya ngokuya bubaluleka kuyo yonke imikhakha. Ezimotweni zikagesi, amabhethri enza kahle avumela amabanga amade okushayela nokushaja okusheshayo, okuthinta ngqo ukwamukelwa kwabathengi. Ukuqanjwa okusha okufana namabhethri e-lithium sulfur kungaba yimpumelelo ekwehliseni isisindo sebhethri ngenkathi kwandisa amandla, okungaba yinto ezoguqula izinto ezimotweni zikagesi nezokusebenzisa ezindizeni.

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zisebenzisa amabhethri afana ne-vanadium redox flow namabhange amakhulu e-lithium-ion ukuze kuhlale njalo ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwamandla njalo noma ngabe imithombo efana nelanga nomoya ayihlali njalo. Lezi zinhlelo zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwenethiwekhi kanye nokuvumela ikusasa lamandla aphansi ekubhekeni okungcolile.

Ezicelo zezimboni nezokuhweba, amabhethri ashukumisa izimoto ezizenzakalelayo (AGVs), amathuluzi kagesi, kanye nezinhlelo zamandla ezisekelayo, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusimama. Iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo ye-EBAK ifaka izixazululo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion ezenzelwe lezi zicelo, ihlanganisa ukwethembeka kanye nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zamakhasimende.

Nakuba amabhethri eyisisekelo sokuguqukela emandleni amagugu, ukukhiqizwa kwawo nokulahlwa kwawo kubeka izinselele zemvelo. Ukumba izinto ezibalulekile ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel kungaholela ekuphazamisekeni kwemvelo, ukungcola kwamanzi, nezingqinamba zokuziphatha. Imizamo yokuthuthukisa amakhemikhali amabhethri ihlose ukunciphisa ukuncika ezintweni ezingavamile noma eziyingozi.

Abakhiqizi ngokuvamile bamukela izindlela zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza, okuhlanganisa nezinqubo ezonga ugesi nokusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zigcizelela ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezisimeme ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela yemvelo nokukhuthaza izixhumanisi zokuhlinzekwa eziphephile.

Ubuhlakani bokusebenzisa kabusha amabhethri buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ukuze kutholwe izinto eziyigugu ngempumelelo, kuncishiswe isidingo sokuthola izinsiza ezintsha nokunciphisa udoti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezintsha ekwakhiweni kwamabhethri zihlose ukwenza kube lula ukuhlakazwa nokusebenzisa kabusha.

Ikakhwezi izimboni ezithokozisayo zobuchwepheshe bebhethri, ngokuthuthuka okulindeleke ukuthi kuvuleke amandla aphezulu, ukushaja okusheshayo, izimpilo ezinde, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe. Amabhethri aqinile alindeleke ukuthi abe nenzuzo kwezentengiselwano, angase abuyisele ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion obukhona ezinhlelweni eziningi.

Ucwaningo ngamakhemistri angaphandle, njengamabhethri e-lithium sulfur kanye ne-sodium-ion, lungahlukanisa imakethe futhi lukhulule imikhawulo yezinto. Izixazululo zokugcina amandla esikali senethiwekhi zizoqhubeka nokwanda, zihlanganisa ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile nokuvumela ukungena okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo.

Abakhiqizi abahamba phambili njenge-EBAK babekwe ukuthi bahambe phambili ngokuthuthukisa ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obujulile bemboni namakhono aphezulu okukhiqiza, ukusekela ukusetshenziswa kwezixazululo zebhethri ezilandelayo emhlabeni jikelele.

Ububanzi bebhethri obusha buyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuguqukela emandleni omhlaba wonke asimemezele. Kusukela ku-lithium-ion kuya ku-solid-state namabhethri e-flow, ukuthuthukiswa kuyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukuphepha, nokusimama kwemvelo. Izicelo ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa izimoto zikagesi, ukugcinwa kwamandla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni kugcizelela indima ebalulekile amabhethri anawo empilweni yesimanje.

Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zibonisa ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, ukukhiqiza kwekhwalithi, kanye nesibopho semvelo. Ukuhlola izinto abazinikezayo kungahlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile ezixazululweni zamabhethri e-lithium asezingeni eliphezulu anika amandla izidingo zamandla zanamuhla.

Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngemikhiqizo yamabhethri esezingeni eliphezulu nezixazululo zamandla ezisimeme, vakashela i-Imikhiqizoikhasi. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngobuchwepheshe be-EBAK nokuzibophezela ekugugudleni, hlola i-Mayelana Nathi isigaba. Ukuze uthole izindaba zakamuva nemikhiqizo emisha, i Oxhumana Nabo ikhasi lihlinzeka ngezinsiza ezibalulekile.

Thola ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bamabhethri e-lithium obusezingeni eliphezulu buqala kanjani ikusasa lamandla ngokuvakashela i Ikhaya ikhasi futhi uhlola izixazululo eziphelele ezenzelwe kusasa elisimeme.