Ubuchwepheshe bebhathri bume phambili ekushintsheni komhlaba kuya ezixazululweni zamandla ezizinzile. Njengoba imboni nabathengi befuna imithombo yamandla ehlanzekile futhi esebenza kahle, ukuthuthuka ekwakhiweni nasekhemisithini yebhathri kube kubalulekile. Ngaphakathi kwayo, ubuchwepheshe bebhathri buhlanganisa isayensi nobunjiniyela bokugcina amandla kagesi ngendlela yekhemikhali nokukhulula lapho kudingeka. Lolu buchwepheshe lusekela uhla olubanzi lwezicelo, kusukela kumadivayisi aphathekayo nezimoto zikagesi kuya ezinhlelweni ezinkulu zokugcina amandla ezilungisa amagatsha wamandla avuselelekayo. Ukuqonda ukuthuthuka kanye nesimo samanje sobuchwepheshe bebhathri kubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe indima yaso ebalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa elizinzile.

Ukukhula okusheshayo kwemoto zikagesi (EVs) kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kube nomthelela omkhulu ocwaningweni lwezibhamu ezinikeza amandla aphezulu, impilo ende, ukushaja okusheshayo, kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe. Abakhiqizi bezibhamu nezikhungo zocwaningo emhlabeni jikelele bazama ukweqa imikhawulo yamanje, efana nokwehla kokukwazi kanye nezinkinga zemvelo ezihambisana nokukhiqizwa nokulahleka kwezibhamu. Ukuqhamuka kwezinto ezifana nezibhamu ze-solid-state kanye nezimboni ezivela zikhombisa izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkampani ezifana ne-Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) zifake izindinganiso ezintsha zemboni ngokuhola izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ze-lithium-ion battery.

Izinhlangano ezifana ne-EBAK zifaka isandla kulolu shintsho olusheshayo ngokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ze-lithium-ion battery ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezihambisana nezinsiza zikagesi, ama-e-bikes, izimoto eziholwa ngokuzenzakalelayo (AGVs), kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Ukuzinikela kwe-EBAK kubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphambili kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezixazululo zamandla ezithembekile nezisebenziseka kahle kulolu mkhakha olukhulayo. Le ndatshana ihlola isimo samanje sobuchwepheshe be-battery, ibheka ukuthuthuka okubalulekile nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo ezizoholela ekusimameni nasekuqhamukeni kwezinto ezintsha.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asaqhubeka njengobuchwepheshe obuphambili obusekela uhla olubanzi lwezicelo ngenxa yokuphakama kwawo kokugcinwa kwamandla, ukwehla okuphakathi kokuzikhulula, kanye nezimpilo ezinde zokuphindaphinda. Lawa mabhethri ashintshe izinsiza zokusebenza eziphathwayo futhi manje aseyizakhi ezibalulekile ezimotweni zikagesi nasezixazululweni zokugcina ugesi. Ikhemistri ivamise ukufaka ama-ion e-lithium ahamba phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhishwa, okuvumela ukugcinwa kwamandla okukhulu nokusebenza kahle.

I-Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) iyinhloko yomhlaba ekwenziweni kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, ihlinzeka ngamabhethri kumamaki amakhulu ezimoto zikagesi futhi iyaphumelela ekwakhiweni kwamacell nasezinhlelweni zokuphatha amabhethri. Intuthuko yabo ibe nomthelela ekwandiseni ukugcinwa kwamandla nasekuthuthukiseni izici zokuphepha. Naphezu kwalezi zinyathelo, izinselelo ezifana nezingozi zokushisa, ukuncipha kwamandla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kanye nemikhawulo ekushajeni zihlala zindawo zokuthuthukiswa ezisebenzayo.

Iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizo ye-EBAK ifaka phakathi amabhethri e-lithium-ion aphezulu anokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile, ahlinzeka ngezindawo ezihlukahlukene ezifana namathuluzi kagesi nokugcina amandla. Ukugxila kwabo ekuthembekeni nasekuthengiseni kahle kuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion buqhubeka buhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zokusebenza zanamuhla. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi olunembile ngama-bhethri, ungavakashela ku-Imikhiqizo ikhasi.

Amabhathri e-solid-state amelela ukunyukela okukhulu phambili kubuchwepheshe bamabhathri, eshintsha i-electrolyte ye-liquid noma ye-gel etholakala kumabhathri e-lithium-ion nge-electrolyte eqinile. Le nguquko eyisisekelo iletha izinzuzo eziningi, kuhlanganise nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, ubukhulu be-energi obuphakeme, kanye nesikhathi sokuphila eside. Ngokukhipha i-electrolyte ye-liquid enokushisa, amabhathri e-solid-state anciphisa ingozi yokuvuza nokuhamba kokushisa, okuyizinkinga zokuphepha ezibalulekile kumaseli e-lithium-ion ajwayelekile.

Lezi zibhakabhaka zikhangisa futhi ukuhlinzeka ngokuqina kokusebenza, okuvumela ubude bokuhamba obude bezimoto zikagesi kanye nezikhathi zokusetshenziswa ezinde kumadivayisi aphathekayo. Izinkampani eziqhamuka phambili ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bezibhakabhaka ezinzile zihlose ukunqoba izinselelo ezifana nobunzima bokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko. Lobu buchwepheshe bunamathuba okuchaza kabusha ukugcina amandla ngokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo eziqinile nezisheshayo zokushaja ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuvikelwa kwemvelo.

I-EBAK ibheka lezi zinguquko ngokucophelela, ihlanganisa amakhono ayo okukhiqiza ukuze ivumele izinguquko ezizayo kumathuluzi ebhethri. Kubantu abathanda izixazululo zamandla aqhubekayo, kubalulekile ukuhamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhethri aqinile. Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezibopho ze-EBAK kumathuluzi ebhethri aphambili ingatholakala ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi.

Ngaphezu kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kanye namabhethri e-solid-state, kunezobuchwepheshe ezivela emhlabeni zamabhethri ezilindeleke ukuthi zibe nomthelela emkhakheni wokugcina amandla. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur, amabhethri e-sodium-ion, kanye namabhethri e-metal-air, ngakunye kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile ezifana nezindleko eziphansi, ubukhulu bamandla obuphezulu, noma ukutholakala kwezinto okuthuthukisiwe. Amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur, ngokwesibonelo, anokwakheka okuphezulu kwamandla okukhuluma futhi asebenzisa izinto ezitholakala kalula, okunciphisa ukuncika ezinsizakutholakala ezincane.

Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhethri e-sodium-ion anikeza enye indlela ethembisayo ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-sodium emhlabeni, okwenza abe nentshisekelo ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla ezinkulu. Amabhethri e-metal-air asebenzisa umoya-mpilo ophuma emvelweni njengomphumela, ehla kakhulu isisindo futhi kungenzeka ikhulise ubuningi bamandla. Nokho, lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe zisaphenywa, zibhekene nezinselelo ezithinta ukuzinza, impilo yokuphindaphinda, nok readiness yokuhweba.

Ababambiqhaza embonini, kuhlanganisa nezinhlangano ezifana ne-EBAK, baphenya ubudlelwano kanye nezinto ezintsha ukuze bafake lezi zinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe emikhiqizweni ezayo. Ukuqapha intuthuko kule ndawo kubalulekile kumabhizinisi nakwabathengi abafuna ukusebenzisa okwakamuva ekusebenzeni kwezitshalo zamabhethri nasekugcineni. Ukuze uthole izixazululo eziphelele zamabhethri ezibhekana nobuchwepheshe bamanje, vakashela ku-Ikhaya ikhasi.

Umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqiza, ukusebenzisa, nokulahla amabhethri usaqhubeka nokuba yinto ebalulekile ekwamukelweni kwezobuchwepheshe bamabhethri. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion ahilela ukukhipha imetal efana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kanye ne-nickel, okungaba nemithelela emikhulu emvelweni nasemphakathini uma engatholwanga ngendlela efanele. Ukuphinda kusetshenziswe nokusetshenziswa kwesibili kwamabhethri kusiza ekunciphiseni ukukhathazeka kwemvelo nasekwehliseni isidingo semathiriyeli raw.

Izinguquko emkemisweni wamabhethri nazo zigxile ekuphathweni, ziqonde ekunciphiseni ukuthembela kumathiriyeli anqabile noma ayingozi. Amabhethri e-solid-state kanye nezobuchwepheshe ezivela zihlala zifuna ukufaka izingxenye eziningi nezimvelo ezingenabungozi. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zigcizelela ikhwalithi nempilo ende emikhiqizweni yazo, ziqhubeka ngokungaqondile nokuphathwa kahle ngokwandisa impilo yamabhethri nokwehlisa udoti.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo zok regulation nezindinganiso zemboni ziyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka ukuze zikhuthaze ukuthengwa okuhle nokuphinda kusetshenziswe kahle. Ukufundisa amabhizinisi nabathengi mayelana nezimpilo eziphelele zemikhiqizo yamabhethri kubalulekile ekwakheni indlela enobungane nemvelo yokugcina amandla.

Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bamabhethri lishintshwa yizidingo ezimbili eziphakeme zokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza nokuphathwa kwemvelo. Iziqhamo ezifana nokuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa bokuphatha amabhethri, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza zokushaja ngokushesha, kanye nokwandiswa kwezinto eziqinile nezokwakha ezihlukahlukene kuzoholela esizukulwaneni esilandelayo sezixazululo zokugcina amandla. Imizamo yobuchwepheshe bamabhethri yaseMelika nayo idlala indima ebalulekile, igxile emandleni okwakha asekhaya kanye nokwakha izinto ezintsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe imithombo yokuhlinzeka nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe.

Ukubambisana phakathi kwabakhi, izikhungo zocwaningo, nohulumeni kuyashesha ukusheshisa ijubane lokwakha izinto ezintsha. Izinkampani ezifana ne-CATL ziqhubeka nokuphusha imikhawulo kumabhethri e-lithium-ion kanye namabhethri e-solid-state, kanti ubuchwepheshe obuphuma phambili buhlinzeka ngokuqhubeka nokuhlukahluka nokuqinisa umphakathi wokugcina amandla. I-EBAK iqhubeka nokuzibophezela ekuhambisaneni nalezi ziqondiso ngokuletha izixazululo zamabhethri e-lithium-ion ezithuthukisiwe ezihlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe zamanje ngenkathi zilungiselela ukuthuthuka kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuze uthole eminye imininingwane mayelana nezinhlelo zenkampani ezibheke phambili kanye nezinto ezintsha zomkhiqizo, ozakwethu abangenayo kanye namakhasimende bangahlola i-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi ukuze baqonde indima ye-EBAK ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bebhathri obuqinile obuhlala isikhathi eside.

Ubuchwepheshe bebhathri bukhona endaweni yokuguquka, busekelwa ushintsho lwezwe oluqonde ekusebenzeni kahle kwemithombo yamandla nokuhamba ngogesi. Kusukela ekwamukelweni kabanzi kwamabhathri e-lithium-ion kuya phambili okukhanga emikhakheni ye-solid-state kanye nezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali ebhathri, le ndawo inikeza amathuba amakhulu okwakha izinto ezintsha nokunciphisa umthelela kwemvelo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK ne-CATL zibonisa ubuholi ekuletheni imikhiqizo yamabhathri ethembekile, esezingeni eliphezulu eyenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithuthukayo zezimboni ezihlukahlukene.

Amabhizinisi nabathengi kufanele bahlale beqaphele ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezibhakabhaka ukuze benze izinqumo ezicacile ezisekela ukuvikelwa kwemvelo nokusebenza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi utshala imali ezimotweni zikagesi, ekugcineni amandla avuselelekayo, noma kumadivayisi aphathekayo, ukukhetha izixazululo zezibhakabhaka ezithuthukisiwe nezikhiqizwe ngokresponsible kubalulekile. Sikukhuthaza ukuthi uhlolisise izixazululo eziphelele ze-lithium ezihlinzekwa yi-EBAK ngokuvakashela ku-Ikhaya ikhasi futhi uthole ukuthi kanjani amathuluzi ebhethri ahlakaniphile angasekela ikusasa eliqhubekayo namuhla.