Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buye bathuthuka kakhulu emashumini eminyaka adlule, bubalulekile ekunikezeni amandla amadivayisi esimanje, izimoto zikagesimende, nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Lezi zithuthukisi zigxile ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni amandla okugcina amandla, isivinini sokushaja, ukuphepha, nokusimama. Izinto ezintsha ezifana namabhethri aqinile, izindlela zokusebenza ze-lithium-sulfur, nezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe ze-lithium-ion ziye zaphusha imingcele yokusebenza nokwethembeka. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zihamba phambili, zinikeza izixazululo ze-lithium-ion ezithuthukisiwe ezenzelwe amathuluzi kagesimende, ama-e-bike, nezidingo zokugcina amandla. Lezi zithuthukisi azigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa impilo yebhethri kodwa futhi zinciphisa umthelela emvelweni ngokukhuthaza ukugaywa kabusha kwezinto kanye nezinto eziphephile. Ukuhlala unolwazi oluqondile ngolwazi oluqondile ngamabhethri kubalulekile kumabhizinisi kanye nabathengi abahlose ukusebenzisa okwakamuva kubuchwepheshe bamandla.

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezintsha zamakhemikhali, ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu izinqubo zokukhiqiza ibhethri. Ubuchwepheshe bokuzenzela nokulawula ikhwalithi buqinisekisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo okungaguquki, bufeza amazinga aphezulu adingekayo ezinhlelweni ezibalulekile. Le nqubekela phambili isiza ukunciphisa izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukufinyeleleka, ivumela ukwamukelwa okubanzi kwezixazululo zokugcina amandla emhlabeni wonke. Kulabo abanesithakazelo olwazini oluningiliziwe lwebhethri nemininingwane, imibhalo ejwayelekile yomkhakha njenge-MSDS yamabhethri (Material Safety Data Sheets) idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhambisaneni nokuphepha nezinqubo zokuphatha. Ukuqonda le mibhalo kubalulekile kubasebenzisi nabakhiqizi ngokufanayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphephile nokuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo yamabhethri.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri ezihlakaniphile (BMS) kuguqule ukuqapha amabhethri ngokunikeza idatha yesikhathi sangempela ngesimo sokushaja, izinga lokushisa, nezilinganiso zempilo. Le ubuchwepheshe yandisa impilo yebhethri futhi ivimbele ukwehluleka ngokusebenzisa imijikelezo yokushaja elungiselelwe kanye nokutholwa kwamaphutha. I-EBAK igcizelela ukufakwa kwe-BMS ethuthukisiwe emikhiqizweni yayo, iqinisekisa ukwethembeka okuthuthukisiwe kuzo zonke izinhlelo zokusebenza. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bamabhethri buqhubeka nokuqhubeka, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamakhemistri, izinto zikagesi, kanye ne-software kuzochaza isizukulwane esilandelayo sezixazululo zamandla.

NgoDisemba 2025, imboni yebhethri ibone izimpumelelo eziningana ezibalulekile ezizobuyekeza ukugcinwa kwamandla. Enye yezinto ezivelele kakhulu ihlanganisa ukwenza kutholakale kalula amabhethri e-solid-state anomthamo omkhulu kakhulu wamandla kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha. Lawa mabhethri asusa i-electrolyte ewuketshezi evutha kalula esetshenziswa emakholweni e-lithium-ion, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ubungozi bomlilo futhi kuvumela izikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo. Izinkampani emhlabeni wonke ziqhudelana ngokwamukela leli zinga lobuchwepheshe ezimotweni zikagesi kanye nezinto zikagesi eziphathekayo, okubonisa ushintsho oluguquguqukayo emakethe amabhethri.

Esinye isihloko sihlanganisa intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri okuthuthukisa kakhulu amazinga okutholwa kwezinsimbi ezibalulekile njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel. Le nqubekela phambili ixazulula izinselele ezibalulekile zokusimama ngokunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo ohambisana nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. I-EBAK ayigcini nje ngokubeka phambili ukusebenza kwamabhethri kwezobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kodwa futhi izibophezela ezindleleni ezisimeme ezihambisana nezinjongo zemvelo zomhlaba wonke. Le nqubekela phambili yenza kube lula ukuthi abathengi namabhizinisi bathole izixazululo zamabhethri anobungani nemvelo ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo ngezindlela ezihlukile zebhethri, okubandakanya amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur kanye ne-sodium-ion, luyanda. Lezi zindlela zithembisa izindleko eziphansi kanye nokuhambisana okungcono kwemvelo, okubaluleke kakhulu njengoba isidingo samabhethri sikhula kakhulu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngalezi zindaba ezintsha kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kusiza ababambiqhaza ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthengwa kwamabhethri kanye nokwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe.

Ukuvela kwamabhethri e-solid-state kubonisa ushintsho olukhulu embonini yamabhethri. Ngokufaka isikhundla soketshezi nge-solid counterpart, lawa mabhethri ahlinzeka ngamandla amakhulu – angakwazi ukuphinda kabili amandla eselula ezijwayelekile ze-lithium-ion. Lesi sithuthukisi sinomthelela ngqo ebangeni lezimoto zikagesi, kunciphisa ukukhathazeka ngokuphathelene nebanga nokukhulisa ukuzethemba kwabathengi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe zinciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nokushisa ngokweqile nokubaleka okushisayo, okuyinto evamile kumabhethri endabuko.

Ngokombono wezentengiselwano, ikhono lokushaja amabhethri e-solid-state ngokushesha ngaphandle kokudicilela phansi impilo yawo lingasheshisa ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinto zikagesi eziphathekayo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kuhambisana nomsebenzi we-EBAK wokuletha amabhethri e-lithium-ion athembekile, asebenza kahle kakhulu ahlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zesimanje. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezibalulekile zitholwa ngempumelelo futhi zisetshenziswe kabusha, kunciphisa ukuncika ezintweni ezingavamile futhi kunciphise ubungozi be-supply chain.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela ezintsha zebhethri ezifana ne-lithium-sulfur zinikeza amathuba okugcina amandla alula futhi angabizi kakhulu. Yize izinselele zisekhona ekukaleni kwezentengiselwano, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezindaba zokuzinza komjikelezo nokugcinwa kwamandla. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela ezintsha kungahlukanisa imakethe yebhethri futhi kunikeze izixazululo eziqondene nezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, kusuka kumathuluzi kagesi kuya ekugcinweni kwamandla esikali senethi.

Uhambo lokusungulwa kwamabhethri luphawulwe izigaba ezibalulekile ezidlule ikhulu leminyaka. Ukuguqukela kumabhethri e-lead-acid kuya ku-nickel-cadmium, bese kuthi kamuva kuya ku-lithium-ion, ngalinye lalokhu limelele ukuthuthuka okukhulu emandleni okugcina amandla nokusebenziseka. Amabhethri okuqala e-lithium-ion ashintshe kakhulu izinto zikagesi zabathengi ngokunikeza imithombo yamandla elula, evuselelekayo enomthamo omkhulu. Eminyakeni edlule, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisetshenziswa kumagetsi, izinto zokwakha izinduku, kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza ziye zathuthukisa ukusebenza nokuphepha ngokuqhubekayo.

Izihloko zomlando ziphinde zibonise ukugxila okukhulayo ekusimameni kanye nesibopho semvelo. Iziyalezo ezigxile ekugayeni kabusha amabhethri kanye nokunciphisa izinto eziyingozi zithole ukwesekwa kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ukwethulwa kwezinhlelo zokuhlola iziqinisekiso zamabhethri, njengokuhlola isiqinisekiso sebhethri le-amaron ngezinombolo zomkhiqizo, kubonisa imizamo yokuthuthukisa ukwethembana kwabathengi kanye nokwethembeka komkhiqizo. Lezi zenzakalo zigcizelela umkhuba omkhulu embonini oya ekucaceni kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwekhwalithi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingqalasizinda yokusekelwa kwamakhasimende, okubandakanya izinsiza ezifana nenombolo yamahhala ye-amaron, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwenkonzo yangemuva kokuthengisa kanye nokufinyelela olwazini. Izindlela zokusekela ezinjalo zibalulekile ekugcineni impilo yebhethri nasekuphatheni izikhalazo zabasebenzisi ngokushesha. Intuthuko eqongekayo ebonwe kulezi zigaba zangaphambili inikeza isisekelo esiqinile socwaningo lwebhethri lwanamuhla kanye nokuqanjwa kwezinto ezintsha.

Amabhizinisi kanye nabathengi abafuna ukuhlala benolwazi lwakamuva mayelana nolwazi lwebhethri kanye nezingqayizivele, kunezinketho eziningana zokuzibandakanya ezitholakalayo. Ukubhalisela izindaba ezikhethekile kanye nezincwadi zemboni kunikeza imininingwane ejwayelekile mayelana nokuphumelela kocwaningo kanye nezimo zemakethe. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zinikeza iziteshi eziqondile zemibuzo nokwesekwa, ziqinisekisa ukuthi amakhasimende angathola imininingwane enemininingwane yomkhiqizo kanye nosizo lobuchwepheshe ngokushesha.

Abafundi bayakhuthazwa ukuthi bahlole i-Ikhayaikhasi lokubuka konke ngezixazululo zebhethri ye-lithium esezingeni eliphezulu. Kulabo abanentshisekelo kwezobuchwepheshe obuningiliziwe nemikhiqizo enikezwayo, i-Imikhiqizoikhasi linikeza ulwazi olunzulu ngezinhlobo zebhethri nezicelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Mayelana Nathiikhasi linikeza imininingwane ngobuchwepheshe be-EBAK nokuzibophezela ekutholeni izixazululo zamandla esimeme.

Ukuhlala unolwazi ngezindaba zakamuva nentuthuko, ukuvakashela i-Oxhumana Naboikhasi livumela abafundi ukuthi baxhumane nabamele inkampani futhi babhalisele izibuyekezo. Ukuzibandakanya nalezi zinsiza kunika amandla abasebenzisi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinekhono maqondana nobuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye nezicelo zawo, baqinisekise ukuthi bahlala benolwazi kule ndawo eshintsha ngokushesha.