I-technology ye-sodium-ion (Na-ion) ibhasi isishayile phambili njengokhetho olukhanga kakhulu kunezibhamu ze-lithium-ion ezijwayelekile, inikeza izinzuzo ezingaba khona ekuthengeni, ekusimameni, nasekutholakaleni kwezinsiza. Ngokwehlukana ne-lithium, i-sodium itholakala kalula futhi iyatholakala kabanzi, okwenza ama-bhathri e-sodium-ion abe ukukhetha okuhehayo kokugcina amandla okukhulu kanye nezicelo zamabhayisikili kagesi. Imikhankaso yokugcina amandla ihlale igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bamabhathri obungabizi futhi obungcolisi imvelo ukuze kusekelwe ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo nokunciphisa ukuncika ezinsizeni ezitholakalayo. Ama-bhathri e-sodium-ion ahlinzeka ngendlela yokuhlukahluka emakethe yokugcina amandla ngokubhekana nezinselelo ezibalulekile zokuhlinzeka nezemvelo ezihambisana nezinhlelo ze-lithium-ion. Le mbono ibeka isizinda sokwazisa ngentuthuko yakamuva nezimo zemakethe ezakha umkhakha wamabhathri e-sodium-ion namuhla.

Umqondo oyisisekelo wokusebenza kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion ufana nalowo wamabhethri e-lithium-ion, uhilela ukuhamba kwe-sodium ions phakathi kwe-cathode ne-anode ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhishwa. Nokho, ububanzi obukhulu be-ionic be-sodium uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lithium buhlinzeka ngezinto eziphumelelayo ze-electrode kanye nezakhiwo ze-electrolyte ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle kwamabhethri, ubukhulu bamandla, kanye nezimpilo zokujikeleza. Abacwaningi nabakhiqizi bagxile ekuhlinzekeni ngalezi zingxenye ukuze baphumelele ezitheni zobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuzinza kwesakhiwo se-electrode kanye nokugcina amandla. Njengoba kudlula izidingo zamandla nokuhlosiwe kokuhlala, ubuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion buyaqhubeka nokuthola ukuthandwa njengesisombululo esingabizi futhi esingakhula, esifanele ukugcina amandla, izimoto zikagesi, kanye nezinto zokusebenza eziphathwayo.

Izinkampani eziningi nezikhungo zocwaningo zifaka imali eningi ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion, ziqonda ukubaluleka kwabo kwezokwakha amandla esikhathini esizayo. Phakathi kwazo, i-EBAK, umkhiqizi owaziwayo odume ngokuqonda kwawo ezixazululweni ze-lithium-ion battery, iyanda ibhizinisi layo lobuchwepheshe kuze kube yizinhlelo ze-sodium-ion, ihlose ukusebenzisa amakhono ayo aphezulu okukhiqiza nezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi. Ukuzinikela kwe-EBAK ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezintsha nasekugcineni kuhambisana nomkhuba omkhulu embonini wokuhlukahluka kwezakhiwo zamabhethri ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza nemithetho yemvelo.

Iminyaka edlule ibonile ukuphumelela okukhulu ezMaterial nasekudizayineni kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion, okwandisa ukuvumela ukuhweba kwalolu chwepheshe. Izinto ezithuthukisiwe ze-cathode ezifana nezinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe, izixazululo ze-polyanionic, kanye nezifanekiso ze-Prussian blue zikhombisile ukuthuthukiswa kokukwazi, ukuzinza kwe-voltage, kanye nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinto ezi-hard carbon zibe ukukhetha okujwayelekile ngenxa yokugcina kwazo kwe-sodium okuhle kanye nezindleko eziphusile. Ukuqhamuka kwezobuchwepheshe be-electrolyte, kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezixazululo ezisekelwe ku-sodium salt kanye nezithasiselo, kuthuthukisile ukuxhumana kwe-ionic kanye nokuphepha kwamabhethri.

Imizamo ebalulekile yokucwaninga iphinde igxile ekuxazululeni izinselelo ezihlobene nokuzinza kwe-electrolyte-electrode interface nokunciphisa ukuncipha kwamandla okubangelwa usawoti onobukhulu obukhulu be-ionic. Izindlela zokuhlanganisa ezithuthukisiwe ze-nano kanye nezifakelo ze-surface zisetshenziswe ukuze zande impilo ye-battery kanye nokusebenza. Ama-prototypes ezentengiselwano manje akhombisa izilinganiso zokusebenza ezisondela kulokho kwe-lithium-ion batteries, okukhuthaza ithemba mayelana nokufakwa kwesikhathi esifushane ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Izinhlelo zokucwaninga ezibambisene phakathi kwezemfundo nabadlali bezimboni ziqhuba lezi zithuthukisi, zixhaswa ukwanda kokuxhaswa nguhulumeni kanye nezinkampani ezizimele. Le ndawo yokwakha izinto ezintsha ibalulekile ekudluliseni izithiyo zobuchwepheshe ezisele nasekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion ayisiyona nje eyensayensi kodwa futhi iyisicwangciso, yehlisa ubungozi bezindawo nezokuhlinzeka obuhambisana nokutholwa kwe-lithium ne-cobalt.

Izitayela zokutshala zikhombisa ukuzethemba okukhulayo emandleni okuthengisa ubuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion battery. Amabhizinisi amaningi amasha kanye nezinkampani ezisemthethweni zamabhethri athole izimali ezinkulu ezihlosiwe ocwaningweni lwe-sodium-ion nasekuthuthukiseni imikhiqizo. Izinkampani zokutshala imali kanye nabatshalizimali abaqondile bakhangwa yithemba lokuthi kuzoba nezinketho zamabhethri eziphumelelayo, ezizinzile, ezizokwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemakethe ekhula njengemoto zikagesi, ukugcina amandla, kanye nezinsiza zomkhiqizo.

Ngokukhethekile, izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bazo obukhona kanye nezinsiza zokukhiqiza ukuze zihlukanise zibe nezinhlaka ze-sodium-ion, ezisekelwa ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kanye nobudlelwano. Le ndlela ibeka i-EBAK endaweni yokusebenzisa amathuba emakethe aphumayo futhi ibe negalelo ekukhuleni kwemikhiqizo ye-sodium-ion battery. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibonelelo zik government kanye nezinsiza ezihloswe ukukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile zenza kube lula izindlela zokuhweba ezisheshayo ze-sodium-ion batteries.

Ukufakwa kwemali kusebenze ngokushesha izikhathi zokuthuthukiswa futhi kuvumele izikhungo zokukhiqiza ezisemqoka. Abatshalizimali bahlola ngokucophelela izigaba zobuchwepheshe, ukwehla kwezindleko, kanye nezinguquko zomthetho ezizothinta izinga lokwamukelwa emakethe. Ngakho-ke, imvelo yokuxhaswa kwezomnotho iyinsiza ebalulekile emuva kokunyakaza okuhle ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion.

Ucwaningo oluphumelelayo luthole izinsiza ezithuthukile zokusebenza kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion, luhlola izinkinga ezindala ezifana nokuphansi kokuphakelwa kwamandla kanye nezimpilo ezilinganiselwe zokuphindaphinda. Izifundo zakamuva zethule izakhiwo ezintsha ze-electrode ezithuthukisa ukuhamba kwe-ion kanye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo ngaphansi kokuphindaphinda. Isibonelo, ukufaka izinto eziphilayo kumamathiselwe e-cathode ngezinhlayiya eziningi zensimbi kanye nokuhlanganisa izinto ezihambayo kuthuthukise ukugcina amandla kanye nekhono lokusheshisa.

Ekuhloleni kwe-electrolyte, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-solid-state kanye ne-gel polymer electrolytes kuvule amathuba amasha okuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwe-bhathri kanye nezinga lokusebenza lokushisa. Lezi zinguquko zehlisa ubungozi obuhambisana ne-electrolytes ezincibilikayo, njenge- leakage kanye ne-flammability, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka kwe-sodium-ion batteries ezinhlelweni ezidinga kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokuchaza ezithuthukile ezifana ne-in-situ electron microscopy kanye ne-spectroscopy ziye zavumela abacwaningi ukuba baqonde kangcono izinqubo ze-electrochemical kanye nezinqubo zokwehla. Le nolwazi ihola ekwakhiweni okuhlakaniphile kwezinto ezizayo kanye nezinhlelo zamacell. Ndawonye, lezi zinguquko zocwaningo ziqhubekela phambili indlela yokwakha amabhathri e-sodium-ion angakwazi ukuncintisana namabhathri e-lithium-ion ekwakheni amandla, isikhathi sokuphila, kanye nezindleko.

Imakethe yezezimali yomhlaba jikelele ibona ukugxila okwandayo ekwehlukaniseni amabhathri, lapho ubuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion buthola ukunakwa okukhulu kokubili kwabathintekayo embonini kanye nabaphathi bezinqubomgomo. Ucwaningo lwemakethe lubonisa ukukhula okuqinile okuhamba phambili ngenxa yesidingo sezixazululo zokugcina amandla ezishibhile nezisustainable, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinomthamo ophansi wezinsiza ze-lithium.

Ama-bhathri e-sodium-ion abhekwa ngokwanda njengokuhlanganyela nezinhlelo ze-lithium-ion, enikeza isixazululo esisebenzayo sokusebenza okukhulu njengokulinganisa i-grid, ukugcina amandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokuhamba kwezimoto zikagesi. Izindleko eziphansi zokwakhiwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ezilula zinikeza izinzuzo zokuncintisana ekukhiqizeni nasezimakethe ezibucayi ngenani.

Abakhiqizi abafana ne-EBAK baphenya ngempela imikhiqizo ye-sodium-ion kanye ne-portfolio yabo ye-lithium-ion esunguliwe, okukhombisa ushintsho lwecebo lokuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithuthuke kakhulu zamakhasimende. Ukugxila kwenkampani ekwazini nasekuthuthukiseni kusekela isikhundla sayo sokuhlinzeka ngesisombululo sebhathri esithembekile futhi eshibhile. Kubantu abathakazelayo ekuhloleni izinketho ze-bhathri ezithuthukile, ukuvakashela kuImikhiqizoikhasi linikeza ulwazi olunembile ngezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene zokugcina amandla.

Bheka phambili, amabhethri e-sodium-ion anethemba elikhulu lokwamukelwa kabanzi ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ukukhula kwawo kanye nokwanele kwezinto zokwakha kwenza kube kufanelekile kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa ezinhlelweni zamandla avuselelekayo, ukuthuthwa kukagesi, kanye nezinsiza zokuxhuma. Ukuqhubeka kuthuthukiswa kwe-density yamandla nokuphila komjikelezo kuzokwandisa ukuncintisana kwawo.

Abachwepheshe bezimboni balindele ukuthi ubuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion buzokwakha indawo ebalulekile eduze kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, ukusiza ekunciphiseni izinkinga zokuhlinzeka kanye nokwehlisa izindleko zokugcina amandla jikelele. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zikhona kahle ukuze ziqhube le shintsho ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bazo bokukhiqiza kanye nokuzibophezela kwazo ekwakheni izinto ezisimeme. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana ne-EBAK kanye nobuchwepheshe bayo bamabhethri, iMayelana Nathiikhasi linikeza ukuqonda okuphelele.

Njengoba imakethe ye-sodium-ion ibhasi, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo, uxhaso lwezimali, kanye nobudlelwano obuhlosiwe kuzodingeka ukuze kuvulwe amandla ayo aphelele. Amabhizinisi nabatshalizimali kufanele bahlale behlola ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo zemakethe ukuze bathole amathuba avela kule ndawo yokwakha amandla ethuthuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlola iIkhayaikhasi linikeza umongo obalulekile ngezixazululo zamabhethri eziphambili kanye nentuthuko yenkampani.

Ekuphetheni, ubuchwepheshe bebhathri ye-sodium-ion buhlose ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ikusasa lokugcina amandla, buhlinzeka ngenketho esheshayo futhi engabizi kunezinhlelo ze-lithium-ion. Imizamo ehlanganisiwe yabasunguli, abatshalizimali, nabakhiqizi abafana ne-EBAK iyashayela le miphumela ejabulisayo phambili, ibheke ekusimameni nasekuthuthukiseni ikusasa lamandla elihlanzekile.