Imboni yokukhiqiza amabhethri idlula ekuguqulweni okusheshayo, okuholelwa yintuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, izidingo zokugcina imvelo, kanye nezidingo zemakethe ezishintshashintshayo. Njengoba amabhizinisi nabathengi besebenzisa kakhulu izixazululo zokugcina amandla ezisebenzayo nezihlanzekile, kubalulekile ukuhlala uvuselelwa ngezitayela zakamuva zokukhiqiza amabhethri. Le ndatshana ihlola izitayela ezihamba phambili ezakha imboni ngo-2023, inikeza ukuqonda kwezinto ezintsha, izindlela zokugcina imvelo, izinselelo, kanye nezibikezelo zesikhathi esizayo. Kumaqembu afana neEBAK, umphakathi ophawulekayo ogxile ezixazululweni ze-lithium-ion battery ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ukuqonda nokuzivumelanisa nalezi zitrendi kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo yokuncintisana nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zanamuhla.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri kubonile ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe okuhloswe ngakho ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukuqina, nokuphepha. Omunye wezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezintsha ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-solid-state, athathela indawo ama-electrolyte amanzi ngezinto eziqinile, anikeza amandla aphezulu kakhulu nokunciphisa ingozi yokuvuza noma umlilo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) ziqhubeka nokuhola ukuthuthukiswa kwekhemistri yamabhethri e-lithium-ion, zisebenzisa izinto zokwakha ezithuthukisiwe ukuze zandise impilo yamabhethri futhi zinciphise izikhathi zokushaja.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphambili obufana nezixhumi ezizenzekelayo kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqhutshwa yi-AI kuyasheshisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukisa ukuhambisana komkhiqizo. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-nanotechnology ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo yokusebenza ye-electrode kanye nokuhamba kukagesi nakho kuyathandwa, kuqinisekisa amabhethri anama-cycle okushaja asheshayo kanye nekhono eliphezulu. Lezi zinguquko azikhuphuli kuphela ukusebenza kwamabhethri kodwa futhi zinciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, zenze amabhethri athuthukisiwe atholakale kalula ezinhlelweni ezivela ezimotweni zikagesi kuya ekugcineni amandla avuselelekayo.

Abakhiqizi abahola phambili baphinde bagxile ekwenzeni ngezifiso nasekuthuthukiseni ama-battery designs amamojula ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zezimboni. Isibonelo, ukukhiqiza ama-battery packs angakhuliswa angahlelwa ukuze asetshenziswe kumathuluzi kagesi, ama-e-bikes, noma ama-AGVs (izimoto eziholwa ngokuzenzakalelayo) kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza kahle kokugcinwa. Ukuthuthuka kwezinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri (BMS) kuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside ngokuhlinzeka ngokuqapha ukusebenza ngesikhathi sangempela kanye namakhono okugcina ngaphambi kokuphazamiseka.

Izinkinga zemvelo seziye zaba yizinto ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni amabhethri, zikhuthaza abakhiqizi ukuba bamukele izindlela ezihlala zikhona kuyo yonke inqubo yokuhlinzeka. Ukugxila ekukhiqizeni okuluhlaza kuhilela ukusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo, ukunciphisa udoti oluyingozi, nokwehlisa izinyathelo ze-carbon. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezifana ne-Amara Raja Batteries zifake imali ezinhlelweni eziluhlaza ezifana nokuphinda zisebenzise i-lead kanye nezikhungo zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle ngogesi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakhiqizi bamabhethri e-lithium basebenza ngokuqinile ukuze bathole izinto zokwakha ngendlela efanele futhi bangenise izinhlelo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe ezivalwe ezithola imetal ezibalulekile ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, kanye ne-nickel. Le ndlela ayibheki kuphela ukuntuleka kwezinsiza kodwa futhi inciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okuhlobene nemisebenzi yokumba. I-EBAK, ngokwesibonelo, ihlanganisa ukuhlala kahle enqubweni yayo yokukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nezobuchwepheshe zokonga amandla, ihambisana nemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokukhuthaza izixazululo zamandla ahlanzekile.

Ukushintsha kokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kukhuthaza kakhulu isidingo sezixazululo zamabhethri ezilungele imvelo. Amabhethri aqhubeka aklanywa ukuze asekele ukugcina amandla elanga kanye nomoya, enza ukuhlinzeka ngamandla okuthembekile futhi ahlanzekile. Abakhiqizi baphinde bahlola izingxenye zamabhethri ezitholakala kalula emvelweni kanye nezimpahla ezicabangela imvelo ukuze banciphise umthelela jikelele emvelweni.

Naphezu kokuthuthuka okukhanga, umkhakha wokukhiqiza ama-battery ubhekene nezinselelo eziningi ezibalulekile. Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto zokwakha, ikakhulukazi ngezinsimbi ezibalulekile ezifana ne-lithium ne-cobalt, kube nemiphumela emibi ezindlekweni nasekuthuthukiseni. Ukukhula kokufuna ama-battery e-lithium-ion kube nomthelela omkhulu emncintiswaneni kulezi zinsiza eziphelile, kubangela abakhiqizi ukuba baphonsele phambili izinsiza ezihlukile nezinto zokuphinda zisetshenziswe.

Enye inselele ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokulawulwa ezihlobene nokuphepha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokwaziswa komkhiqizo. Ukuhambisana kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukiseni, okungaba nzima kwezezimali kubakhiqizi abancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubunzima obukhulayo bokwakhiwa kwamabhethri buphakamisa izidingo zamakhono akhethekile abasebenzi kanye nezinsiza zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Imboni iphinde ibhekane nengcindezi yezindleko ezivela emncintiswaneni wamazwe omhlaba kanye nesidingo sokulinganisa intengo yokuthenga nekhwalithi. Isibonelo, intengo yebhethri ye-Exide embonini ihlala iyinto ebalulekile kubathengi abafuna ukugcina amandla okwethembeka kodwa futhi aphumelelayo. Abakhiqizi kumele bahlakulele hhayi kuphela kwezobuchwepheshe kodwa futhi nasekuphathweni ukuze bathuthukise izinhlelo zokuhlinzeka futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

Bheka phambili, ochwepheshe babikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri kuzokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka ngokushesha, kuhambisana nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe kanye nezimo zemakethe. Amabhethri e-solid-state kulindeleke ukuthi athole ukwamukelwa okukhulu kwezohwebo, aguqule ububanzi bezimoto zikagesi kanye nezikhathi zokushaja. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokufunda kwemishini ekukhiqizeni nasekuphathweni kwamabhethri kuzothuthukisa ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso, ukuhlola, nokuphathwa kwesikhathi sokuphila.

Imodeli yokukhiqiza engaphansi kokuphathwa kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka zedijithali zingavela, zinikeza ukuhamba kahle okukhulu nokuphendula ezidingweni zemakethe zendawo. Umkhuba wokwakha amabhethri amaningi, ahlanganisa i-lithium nezinto ezikhethiwe ezifana ne-sodium-ion noma i-lithium-sulfur, uzokwehlisa ukuncika ezinsizakusebenza ezitholakala kancane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlala kuhle kuzoba yinto ebalulekile, ngokwanda kokucindezela kwemithetho kanye nokuqwashisa kwabathengi okukhuthaza amabhethri angasetshenziswa kabusha ngokuphelele nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezingenamiphumela. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-EBAK kungenzeka ziqhubele phambili ngokutshala imali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukiseni izixazululo ezintsha ezihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle nokuziphatha kwemvelo.

Ngokuhlanganisa, imboni yokukhiqiza amabhethri ngo-2023 ibonakala ngokushintsha okusheshayo, imizamo yokugcina imvelo, kanye nezinselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngezitayela zakamuva kubalulekile ukuze amabhizinisi ahlale ekwazi ukuncintisana futhi aphendule ezidingweni ezishintshashintshayo zemakethe nezomthetho. Kusukela ekuphumeleleni kwezobuchwepheshe be-solid-state kuya ekwamukelweni kwezindlela zokukhiqiza ezilungele imvelo, lezi zitayela zishapinga ikusasa lokugcina amandla.

Kubakhiqizi, abahlinzeki, kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina, ukuqonda lezi zinguquko kuvumela ukwenza izinqumo ezingcono nokuhlela okuhle. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zikhombisa ukubaluleka kokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili nezindlela ezisimeme ukuze kuhanjiswe izixazululo ze-lithium battery ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo ye-battery esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemibono yezimboni, vakashela ku-Imikhiqizo ikhasi noma ufunde ngokuqonda kwenkampani ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi.