Ukwanda kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kubalulekile ekuguqukeni komhlaba wonke okubheke emandleni amagugu nokusebenzisa ugesi. Njengoba isidingo sikhula emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengezimoto zikagesi (EVs), ukugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nemikhiqizo yezinto zikagesi, ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri buya ngokuya bubaluleka. Ukuqanjwa okusha kwamakhemistri bebhethri kanye nomklamo akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kodwa futhi kuxazulula izinselelo zemvelo nezomnotho ezihambisana namabhethri endabuko. Lesi sihloko sihluza okusha okusha, izicelo zezimboni, imizamo yokusimama, kanye nezimo zesikhathi esizayo kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, sinikeza isibuyekezo esibanzi samabhizinisi nabathanda ubuchwepheshe ngokufanayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buye bathuthuka kakhulu emashumini eminyaka adlule, buqhutshwa isidingo samandla aphezulu, impilo ende, nezixazululo zokugcina amandla eziphephile, ezingabizi kakhulu. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion asetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla, asekele uguquko lobuchwepheshe kumadivayisi aphathwayo nezimoto zikagesi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umkhakha wamandla ubhekene nengcindezi enkulu yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri buyavela ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo. Lezi zithuthukisi zithembisa ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokushaja, ukwandisa umthamo, nokunciphisa ukuncika ezintweni ezingavamile, okubonisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu emakhonweni okugcina amandla.

Ukuqonda lezi zinguquko kubalulekile kubabambiqhaza ezimbonini, kusukela kubakhiqizi bezimoto kuya kubathuthukisi bamandla avuselelekayo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK, umkhiqizi owaziwayo ogxile ezixazululweni ze-lithium-ion battery ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisekelwe eSuzhou, Jiangsu, zifaka isandla kakhulu kulolu shintsho olukhulayo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphambili nezindlela ezisimeme. Kulabo abanentshisekelo yokuhlola imikhiqizo enembile kanye nobuchwepheshe benkampani, i-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi linikeza imibono ewusizo.

Ukuqhubeka okusha emakhemistri ebhethri kulethule izindlela ezihlinzeka ngokusebenza okungcono kunezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ze-lithium-ion. Phakathi kwalezi, amabhethri e-lithium-air agqama ngokuba namandla amakhulu kakhulu, angase adlule igesi kaphethiloli. Ubuchwepheshe be-lithium-air busebenza ngokusebenzisa umoya-mpilo njengento esebenza ku-cathode, kunciphisa isisindo sebhethri nokwandisa amandla ayo. Nakuba namanje isesigabeni sokuhlola, i-lithium-air imele isiqondiso esithembisayo sezicelo zesikhathi esizayo zezimoto zikagesi.

Olunye uthuthuko olubalulekile ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-solid-state, njengebhethri ye-Nissan solid state, esikhundla isidakamizwa esiyisihlahla nesomzimba esiyisihlahla. Lolu shintsho luthuthukisa ukuphepha ngokunciphisa ubungozi bokuvuza nokushisa, kuyilapho futhi kuvumela ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamandla nezikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo. Amabhethri e-solid-state abhekwa njengokuphumelela okukhulu kwamabhethri anamandla okuguqula ukusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi nokuphila kwawo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zihlala ziqapha futhi zihlanganisa izinto ezintsha ezinjalo ku-R&D yazo ukuze zihlale ziphezulu.

Umthelela wamateknoloji amasha ebhethri usakazekele imikhakha eminingi. Ezimotweni zikagesi, amasistimu ebhethri athuthukisiwe aqonde ngqo ekwandiseni amabanga okushayela, ukunciphisa izikhathi zokushaja, nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezimoto. Le nqubekela phambili isekela ukwamukelwa okubanzi kwezimoto zikagesi, okufaka isandla emizamweni yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Emandleni avuselelekayo, amabhethri athuthukisiwe enza ukugcinwa okusebenza kahle kakhulu kwamandla angazinzile avela emithonjeni yelanga nomoya, okwenza kube lula ukuzinza kwenethiwekhi nokuzimela kwamandla.

Izinto zikagesimende zabathengi nazo zizuzwa yile mikhiqizo emisha, zithola amadivayisi anesikhathi eside sebhethri namakhono okushaja ngokushesha, okuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi. Ukusebenza okuhlukahlukene kobuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri kunwetshwa ezinhlelweni zezimboni, njengezimoto ezizihambelayo ezizenzakalelayo (ama-AGV) namathuluzi kagesimende, lapho izixazululo zokugcina amandla ezithembekile nezicindezelweyo zibalulekile. Kwabakhiqizi nabathengi abafuna izixazululo zamandla eziqondene nawo, ikhasi le-Imikhiqizo linikeza ukukhethwa okuhlukahlukene kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion afanele izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene.

Umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqiza nokuqeda amabhethri usuphenduke ukukhathazeka okukhulu kanye nezinguquko zobuchwepheshe. Izindlela ezisimeme ekukhiqizeni amabhethri zigxile ekwehliseni umthelela wokukhipha izinsiza, ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza, nokunciphisa udoti oluyingozi. Isibonelo, izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zigcizelela ukulawula ikhwalithi nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezinomthelela omuhle emvelweni ukuze zihambisane nezinhloso zomhlaba zokugcina izinsiza.

Izinhlelo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe zisiza ukubuyisa izinsimbi ezibalulekile ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel, kunciphisa isidingo sokusebenza okusha kokumba nokwehlisa umthelela wekhabhoni ekukhiqizeni amabhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo ngezinto ezihlukile, eziningi kakhulu luhloswe ukunciphisa ukuncika ezinsizeni ezithile. Ukukhuthaza izimiso zomnotho ojikelezayo ekuphathweni kwesikhathi sokuphila kwamabhethri kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlala isikhathi eside kobuchwepheshe bamabhethri kanye nomkhakha wamandla jikelele.

Sibheka phambili, izinto eziningana ezintsha zibumba ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bamabhethri. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) nokufunda ngomshini (ML) kuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza, futhi kubikezela izidingo zokulungiswa. Amabhethri e-solid-state namabhethri e-lithium-air ahlala eyizinketho ezithembisayo amabhethri esizukulwane esilandelayo, ngokucwaninga okuqhubekayo okuhlose ukunqoba imikhawulo yobuchwepheshe yamanje.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zamabhethri e-hybrid ezihlanganisa izindlela eziningi zingahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezenziwe ngendlela efanele ezihambisana nezicelo ezithile, zilinganisela izindleko, amandla, nokuphepha. Ukubambisana embonini nokwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni lwamabhethri kukhulisa isikhathi sokuba lezi zinto ezintsha zisebenze kwezentengiselwano. Amabhizinisi anentshisekelo yokuhlala enolwazi ngentuthuko yemboni nokuthola izixazululo ezisezingeni eliphezulu angavakashela i-Ikhaya ikhasi ukuze ufunde mayelana nokunikezwa kwakamuva kanye nentuthuko.

Naphezu kwamathemba ajabulisayo, ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri bubhekene nezinselele ezinkulu. Izinselele zobuchwepheshe zihlanganisa ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kanye nokuphila kwamabhethri ezikhemisi ezihlolwayo njenge-lithium-air namabhethri e-solid-state. Ukukala ukukhiqiza ngenkathi kugcinwa ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kuyisithiyo esibalulekile esinye, esidinga intuthuko ezindleleni zokukhiqiza kanye nokuphathwa kwezinto zokuhambisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amazinga okubusa kanye nezitifiketi zokuphepha kumele zithuthuke ngokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulungela kwemakethe. Ukubhekana nezikhalazo zemvelo ezihlobene nokutholwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nengqalasizinda yokugaywa kabusha kuhlala kuyinkinga eqhubekayo. Imizamo yokubambisana phakathi kwabacwaningi, abakhiqizi, kanye nabomthetho ibalulekile ukunqoba lezi zinselele nokuvula amandla aphelele obuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri.

Ukuqhubeka kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri kunesimemezelo esingaguqula ukugcinwa kwamandla nentuthuko esimeme. Izinto ezintsha ezifana namabhethri e-lithium-air namabhethri e-solid-state zithembisa ukuletha amandla aphezulu, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, nokusimama okukhulu kwemvelo. Lezi zinto ezintsha zithinta izimboni eziningi, kusukela ezimotweni zikagesi kuya emandleni avuselelekayo kanye nezinto zikagesi zabathengi, ziqhubela phambili ukuguqukela komhlaba wonke kumakusasa wamandla ahlanzekile, asebenza kahle kakhulu.

Izinhlangano ezifana ne-EBAK zidlala indima ebalulekile ngokuthuthukisa izixazululo zebhethri le-lithium-ion ngokuzibophezela kwekhwalithi nemikhuba esimeme. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvuthwa, amabhizinisi nabathengi ngokufanayo bazozuza ezinkethweni zokugcina amandla ezithembekile, ezisebenza kahle, nezinganaki imvelo. Ukuhlala unolwazi futhi ubambe iqhaza ezintweni ezintsha kubalulekile ukuze kuzuze izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe bebhethri obusezingeni eliphezulu.