Umkhakha wezobuchwepheshe bamabhethri uthuthuka ngendlela eguqukayo, uhambisana nesidingo sokuthuthukisa izixazululo zokugcina amandla eziphephile, ezisebenziseka kahle, nezihlala zihlanzekile. Phakathi kwezinto ezintsha ezihamba phambili kukhona ukuvela kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion aqinile, alindeleke ukuthi abhekane nokubusa kwezinhlelo ze-lithium-ion ezijwayelekile. Le ndatshana ibheka intuthuko kule teknoloji ethuthukile, igcizelela ukwakheka kwayo, izinzuzo, izinselelo zamanje, kanye nendima ebalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa lemoto zikagesi (EVs) kanye nezixazululo zokugcina amandla ezinkulu. Njengoba umkhakha uthuthuka, izinkampani ezifana neEBAK ibonakala njengabakhokheli ekuthuthukiseni nasekusabalaliseni izixazululo zebhethri ezithuthukile, iqhubekisela phambili umgomo wamandla avuselelekayo.

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion sekwaziwa isikhathi eside njengesisekelo sokugcina amandla esikhwameni nasemotweni ngenxa yokuba ne-densiti yamanzi aphezulu nokusebenza okuthembekile. Nokho, lawa mabhethri anemikhawulo emikhulu ethinta ukwamukelwa kwawo kabanzi futhi akhuphule ukukhathazeka ngokuphepha. Izinkinga ezifana nokushisa okungapheli, ukuvutha, kanye nokushoda kwezinsiza ze-lithium zibeka ubungozi nezinkinga zokwakha izindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium-ion adinga izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi athembele kakhulu ku-cobalt, okukhuphula ukukhathazeka ngokwezemvelo kanye nezokuziphatha ezihlobene nezindlela zokumba. Lezi zinto zikhuthaze ucwaningo ngezinto ezihlukile ezifana namabhethri e-sodium-ion, asebenzisa izinto ezitholakala kalula futhi ezingabizi kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium-ion ajwayelekile abhekana nezinkinga zokuhlala isikhathi eside ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-dendrite nokwehla kwe-electrolyte, okunganciphisa impilo yokujikeleza. Ukufuna amabhethri aphephile, ahlala isikhathi eside, futhi anokuhlala isikhathi eside kuye kwanda, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo samabhayisikili kagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina ugesi ezidinga izixazululo ezinkulu nezithembekile. Le ndawo ibeka isizinda sokuphumelela okukhulu kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion ashukumisayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwamuva kuholele ekwakhiweni kwe-bhathri ye-sodium-ion ye-solid-state entsha esebenzisa i-electrolyte ye-composite eyingqayizivele ethuthukisa ukuxhumana kwe-ion kanye nokuzinza kwe-bhathri. Ngokwehlukana nezinhlelo ze-electrolyte ze-liquid ezijwayelekile, indlela ye-solid-state isebenzisa i-membrane ye-electrolyte eqinile evimbela uku leakage futhi ithuthukisa ukuphepha. I-sodium, njengoba itholakala kakhulu futhi ibanzi ngokwejografi kune-lithium, inikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu zokonga ngenkathi igcina ukusebenza kwe-electrochemical okuqhudelanayo.

Ukubunjwa kwalezi zibhamu ezintsha ngokuvamile kuhilela i-cathode ye-sodium-ion ehlangene ne-anode ye-graphite noma ye-hard carbon, ehlanganiswe ne-electrolyte ye-solid-state evame ukuthuthukiswa ngezinto ezintsha ezifana nezendlalelo ze-graphene. Le nhlanganisela isekela ukuhamba kwe-ion okusheshayo futhi ivimbela ukwakheka kwe-dendrite, okukhathaza ama-batteries e-lithium-ion. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambisana nokuthuthukiswa okuvela kubaholi bezimboni, kuhlanganise nocwaningo lwe-CATL ngama-batteries e-solid-state, kugcizelela ukwethenjwa okukhulayo ku-teknoloji ye-sodium-ion njengokunye okukhethwa kukho okusebenzayo kwezohwebo.

Amabhethri e-sodium-ion e-solid-state anikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezikhangayo uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo e-lithium-ion. Ukuphepha kuthuthukiswe kakhulu ngenxa yokususa ama-electrolytes amanzi anokuthinteka, kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokushisa nokuphahlazeka. Le mpawu ibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezimotweni zikagesi nasekugcineni amandla okuma lapho ukuphepha kubalulekile.

Izinzuzo zezindleko zivela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sodium, etholakala kalula futhi engabizi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lithium ne-cobalt. Le mpahla ikhululekile ivumela ukunciphisa izindleko zokwakha izinto ezisemqoka nokunciphisa ukuncika kumaketanga okuhlinzeka okuthintekayo kwezombusazwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo zokukhiqiza zamabhethri e-sodium-ion zingaba lula futhi zingathathi izinsiza eziningi, kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Ngokombono wezok环境, amabhethri e-sodium-ion asebenzisa izinto ezilula kakhulu ezivumelana nemvelo futhi kulula ukuziphinda. Ukunciphisa ukuthembela ezinsizakalweni ezitholakala kancane nezihlaselayo kuhambisana nezinhloso zomhlaba zokugcina imvelo kanye nezitayela zokulawulwa ezikhuthaza ubuchwepheshe obuhlanzekile. Lezi zinzuzo zenza amabhethri e-sodium-ion abe umphikisi othembisayo wezixazululo zokugcina amandla zesikhathi esizayo.

Naphezu kwezici zawo ezithembisayo, amabhethri e-sodium-ion e-solid-state abhekene nezinselelo ezidinga ukuxazululwa ngaphambi kokuthi kube nokuhweba okubanzi. Enye yeziqhingi ezinkulu iwukuphakama kwamandla, lapho izinhlelo ze-sodium-ion zikhala emuva kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Nakuba kuthuthukiswe, ukufinyelela emandleni afanayo okugcina amandla kusemkhakheni wokucwaninga osebenzayo.

Ukukhula kokukhiqiza kuyinkinga ebalulekile. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezinzile kumasayizi kudinga ubuchwepheshe bokwakha obunembile nezindlela zokwakha ezisebenzayo, ezisaphuhliswayo. Ukulawula ikhwalithi nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwe-ion okuqhubekayo phakathi kwamashidi amakhulu e-electrolyte kuyizinselelo zobuchwepheshe ezithinta ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwesisekelo sokuphatha ibhethri esikhona kanye nezinhlelo zokukhiqiza kudinga ukulungiswa, okungabambezela ukufika emakethe. Naphezu kwalezi zinkinga, ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo nokutshalwa kwezimali yizinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK kugcizelela ukuzibophezela ekunqobeni lezi zinqinamba ngokwakha izinto ezintsha.

Ucwaningo lwezibhamu ze-sodium-ion ezisemqoka lusebenzisa indlela ehlanganisa izifundo eziningi, kuhlanganisa isayensi yezinto, i-electrochemistry, kanye nokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo. Izifundo ezibalulekile zigxile ekuthuthukiseni izinto eziphilayo ezinzima ezifana nezinto ezisekelwe ku-sulfide, ezisekelwe ku-oxide, kanye nezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-polymer ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba kwe-ion kanye nokuzinza kokwakhiwa. Izinqubo ezifana nokufakwa kwe-atomi, i-nano-engineering, kanye ne-doping zibe nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni izixhumi ze-electrolyte kanye nokuhambisana kwe-electrode.

Izincwadi zakamuva zikhuluma ngokuqhubekayo ngokusetshenziswa kwe-electrodes ezithuthukiswe nge-graphene ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhamba nokuzinza kokujikeleza, kusebenzisa izakhiwo zikagesi ezinhle ze-graphene. Lokhu kuholele kumamodeli akhombisa izinga elithuthukisiwe lokushaja kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-CATL ocwaningweni lwezibhamu ezisemqoka kukhombisa umoya omkhulu wezomnotho, nezinsizakalo zokukhiqiza ezihlosiwe ziqondiswe ekuthuthukiseni le teknoloji ukuze ifanele imakethe enkulu.

Ukubambisana kwezocwaningo kwezemfundo nezamabhizinisi kuqhubeka nokuphusha imikhawulo, kuhlola izinhlelo ze-electrolyte ezihlanganisiwe nezindlela zokwakha ezilinganekayo ezithembisa ukwenza amabhethri e-sodium-ion ashintshashintshayo abe yinto ethengiswayo esikhathini esizayo.

Ukwamukelwa kwamabhethri e-sodium-ion ashintshashintshayo kungashintsha imakethe yezithuthuthu zogesi ngokuhlinzeka ngezinketho zamabhethri eziphephile, ezithengekayo, nezizinzile. Izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe zinciphisa ubungozi bomlilo, okungenzeka kube lula izithiyo zomthetho futhi kukhuphule ukuzethemba kwabathengi ezithuthuthwini zogesi. Ukuncipha kwezindleko kungashesha ukwamukelwa kwezithuthuthu zogesi ngokwehlisa amanani ezithuthuthu nezindleko eziphelele zokuba nazo.

Ngaphandle kokuhamba, imiphumela yokugcina amandla esikalini segridi ibalulekile. Amabhethri e-sodium-ion angavumela izixazululo zokugcina ezinkulu, ezishibhile ukuze kuhlanganyelwe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kuqinisa ama-grid futhi kube lula ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla elanga nomoya. Lokhu kubalulekile ekushintsheni komhlaba kuya ezinhlelweni zamandla aphansi kwekhabhoni.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK, ezinobuchwepheshe bazo ezixazululweni zamabhethri e-lithium, zikhona ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene, zisekela uhla olubanzi lwezicelo kusukela kumabhayisikili e-e kuya ekugcineni amandla kwezimboni. Abasebenzisi abanentshisekelo yokuhlola lezi zinguquko bangavakashela ku-Imikhiqizo ikhasi ukuze bathole eminye imininingwane.

Ubuchwepheshe be-sodium-ion battery obusemthethweni bumele intuthuko ebalulekile ekufuneni ukugcina amandla aphephile, aphumelelayo, futhi aqhubekayo. Nakuba kunezinkinga eziphathelene nokucindezela kwamandla kanye nokukhiqizwa okwandayo, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nezibopho zezimboni zisheshisa intuthuko kule ndawo. Ukuphepha, izindleko, kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo zenza ama-batteries e-sodium-ion abe amandla aguqulayo ezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezinkulu.

Izikhungo ezifana ne-EBAK zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ubuchwepheshe obusha nasekuletheni izixazululo ze-battery zesizukulwane esilandelayo ezihambisana nezinhloso zokugcina umhlaba. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buhamba phambili, buhlinzeka ngethuba lokwakha kabusha umhlaba wamandla, buhlinzeka ngamathuba amasha kumabhizinisi nakubathengi. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana ne-EBAK nezixazululo zayo ze-battery eziphambili, abafundi bangavakashela ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi. Izithakazelo ezithakazelisayo zingaphinde zihlolisise Ikhaya ikhasi ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo ngezicelo zamabhethri e-lithium kanye nezithuthukisi zemboni.