Ezweni lobuchwepheshe elishintsha njalo namuhla, ulwazi lwebhethri ludlala indima enkulu ekunikezeni amandla amadivayisi nezinhlelo ezichaza impilo yesimanje. Kusukela kuma-smartphone namalaptop kuya ezimotweni zikagesi (ama-EV) nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bebhethri isibalulekile. Ukuqonda izinto ezintsha zebhethri kubalulekile kumabhizinisi nakumakhasimende ngokufanayo, njengoba le nqubekela phambili iqhubekisela phambili ukusebenza kahle, ukusimama, nokusebenza ezimbonini eziningi. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zihamba phambili ekuhlinzekeni ngezixazululo zebhethri le-lithium-ion ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisekela lo mkhakha oshukumayo.

Ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe bebhethri kudlula nje ekululeni; kuthinta imizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okusimeme. Amabhethri athembekile futhi asebenza kahle avumela ukwamukelwa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza njengamandla elanga kanye nezokuthutha ngogesi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe bebhethri buvuleka, ukuhlala unolwazi ngezinto ezintsha zakamuva kuqinisekisa ukuthi ababambiqhaza—kusukela kubakhiqizi kuye kubasebenzisi bokugcina—bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuphepha, nokuqina komkhiqizo.

Umhlaba webhetri uhlukahlukene, unemisebenzi eminingana edumile ngayinye ilungele izinhlelo ezahlukene nezidingo zokusebenza. Phakathi kwezisebenziswa kakhulu namuhla amabhetri e-lithium-ion, aziwa ngamandla ayo aphezulu, impilo ende yomjikelezo, nokugcinwa okuphansi kancane. Amabhetri e-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) athole ukuthandwa ngenxa yesimo sawo esithuthukisiwe sokuphepha nesikhathi eside sokuphila, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuncanyayo ezimotweni zikagesi nasezigcini zendawo.

Ububanzi obusha bobuchwepheshe bebhethri buphinde bubonise ithemba elikhulu. Amabhethri e-solid-state, ngokwesibonelo, afaka isikhundla soketshezi nge-solid, angase anikeze amandla aphezulu kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe. Ezinye izinto ezintsha zihlanganisa amabhethri e-sodium-ion kanye ne-zinc-air, angase anikeze izindlela ezisebenzayo ezonga imali ngokunciphisa ukuncika ezintweni ezingavamile. Kulabo abafuna imininingwane enemininingwane ngamabhethri, kubalulekile ukuqonda lezi zihlukaniso njengoba zithinta ukusebenza kwebhethri, amashidi edatha yokuphepha, kanye nokucatshangelwa kwewaranti.

Amabhethri ayisisekelo senguquko yezimoto zikagesi, anika amandla konke kusuka ezimotweni ezincane zasemadolobheni kuya amaloli asindayo. Ukusebenza kahle, umthamo, nokuqina kwamabhethri e-EV kuthinta ngqo ibanga lemoto, izikhathi zokushaja, nokuzizwisa komsebenzisi jikelele. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion kanye ne-LFP ahamba phambili kule ndawo ngenxa yokulinganisela kwawo kokusebenza nokuphepha. Ukuqanjwa okusha ezinhlelweni zokuphatha amabhethri (BMS) kuya ngokuya kuthuthukisa ukwethembeka ngokugada impilo yeseli nokwenza kahle ukushaja.

Kubathengi, ukwazi ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ukuhlola iwaranti yamabhethri e-Amaron ngezinombolo zomkhiqizo noma ukuqonda inombolo yamahhala yokusekelwa kwamakhasimende kungaba kubalulekile ukulungiswa nenkonzo. Kumongo obanzi, abakhiqizi abanjengo-EBAK banikela kuleli hlelo ngokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zamabhethri athuthukisiwe asekelayo isidingo esikhulayo sokuhamba kukagesi. Ukuzibophezela kwabo ekuqinisweni nasekuqanjweni okusha kusiza ukushayela ukwamukelwa kwe-EV emhlabeni wonke.

Ngaphandle kwezokuthutha, izixazululo zokugcina amandla ngebhethri zibalulekile ekuphathweni kokuhlinzekwa nokufunwa kwamandla ezindlini, ezindaweni zokuhweba, nasezindaweni ezinkulu. Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla zisiza ukulinganisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njenge-solar ne-wind, ziqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla okungaguquki. Amabhange amabhathri e-lithium-ion anomthamo omkhulu avame ukusetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo, anikeza ukukala nokuphendula okusheshayo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuhambisana, ukubhekisela kumshidi wedatha yokuphepha kwebhethri kubalulekile lapho kusetshenziswa izixazululo zokugcina amandla. Ukuphatha kahle nokuklama uhlelo kungavimbela izingozi futhi kwandise impilo yebhethri. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zinikeza imikhiqizo egciniwe yamandla eyenziwe ngendlela efanele ehambisana kahle nezinhlelo zamanje, zikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kahle futhi zibe nomthelela ekusimameni okwengeziwe kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ikusasa lobuchwepheshe bamabhethri ligcwele impilo, ngokucwaninga okuqhubekayo kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza ngenkathi kuncishiswa umthelela emvelweni. Izinto ezintsha zihlose ukwandisa ukuminyana kwamandla, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokushaja, nokuthuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha. Amabhethri aqinile, izinto ze-silicon anode, kanye nama-electrolytes athuthukisiwe phakathi kwezindawo eziyinhloko zentuthuko ezingachaza kabusha ukugcinwa kwamandla.

Izinkinga zemvelo zishayela imizamo yokudala amabhethri ancike kancane kumaminerali ayivelakancane kanye nokusimama okuthuthukisiwe kwesikhathi sawo sokusebenza. Lokhu kuhambisana nezinye izinhlelo zomhlaba wonke zokunciphisa umthelela wezemvelo nokusekela izimiso zomnotho oyindilinga. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngolwazi lwakamuva lwebhethri, okuhlanganisa nezibuyekezo zewaranti nokuphepha, kuqinisekisa ukuthi amabhizinisi nabathengi bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko ngempumelelo.

Ukusungulwa kwamabhethri kuguqula ikusasa lamandla nokuhamba, kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe nasekuqhubekeni kwemvelo. Ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bamabhethri, izicelo zawo ezimotweni zikagesi nokugcinwa kwamandla, kanye nezimfashini ezivelayo kubalulekile ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-EBAK zibonisa ukuzibophezela kwekhwalithi nokusungulwa kuleli sektor, zinikeza izinsiza nemikhiqizo eyigugu ehlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zesimanje.

Kulabo abanesifiso sokuhlola kabanzi, ukuvakashela amakhasi afana nawokuthi, Ikhaya ukuze uthole isifinyezo, Imikhiqizo ukuze uthole imininingwane egcwele ngemikhiqizo yebhethri, futhi Mayelana Nathi ukuze ufunde ngobuchwepheshe be-EBAK kungakunikeza imininingwane ephelele. Ukuhlala unolwazi ngentuthuko yamabhethri kuzoqhubeka nokunika amandla amabhizinisi nabathengi ekuzuleni ezindaweni zamandla eziguqukayo.