Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri kubalulekile emhlabeni wanamuhla ophumelelayo kwezobuchwepheshe, kukhanyisa konke kusukela ezimotweni zikagesi kuya kumadivayisi aphathekayo. Njengomkhiqizi wamabhethri, ukuqonda ubucayi benqubo yokukhiqiza kubalulekile ukuze kuhanjiswe imikhiqizo ehambisana nezindinganiso eziqinile zokusebenza nokuphepha. Le mboni ibone ukukhula okusheshayo, lapho izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK zikhokhela indlela kwezobuchwepheshe bamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Le mfuneko ekhuphukayo igcizelela ukubaluleka kwezindlela zokukhiqiza ezisebenzayo eziqinisekisa kokubili ikhwalithi nokukhula. Kulokhu, sizohlola izinqubo eziphelele ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni amabhethri, sikhanyisa ngezinto ezibalulekile, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, nezinyathelo zokwethenjelwa kwekhwalithi. Le nolwazi akusizi kuphela abakhiqizi kodwa futhi kubika amabhizinisi nabathengi ngalokho okwenziwayo ekukhiqizeni izixazululo zokugcina amandla ezithembekile.

Indima yomkhiqizi wamabhethri idlula nje ekuhlanganiseni; ihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili, isayensi yezinto, nokuhlolwa okuqinile. Imakethe ifaka abadlali abavelele njengama-Amara Raja, i-Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL), i-East Penn Manufacturing Company, kanye ne-Exide, abesethe izinga lemikhakha ngokwakha izinto ezintsha nezinga eliphezulu. Umkhiqizi ngamunye ungena ngendlela ehlukile emkhakheni oshintshashintshayo wokugcina amandla, uphonsa imikhawulo yokusebenza kahle kwamabhethri nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Ukuqonda lezi zindlela ezihlukene zokukhiqiza kuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu ngezinkinga nezithuthukisi ezakha umkhakha wamabhethri namuhla.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcizelela okukhulayo ezixazululweni zamandla aphilayo kube kuphakamise abakhiqizi bamabhethri ukuba baqhubeke nokwakha. Le mikhankaso ihambisana nezitayela zomhlaba jikelele zokuhamba ngemoto kagesi kanye nokugcina amandla avuselelekayo, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri kube yinsimu eshintshashintshayo futhi esheshayo. Izinkampani ezifana ne-EBAK ziseqhulwini, zixhumanisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphambili nezinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze zihlangabezane nalezi zinselelo ngqo. Ngokuhlola inqubo yokukhiqiza, singaqonda kangcono ukuthi lezi zinguquko ziguqula kanjani zibe yimikhiqizo yamabhethri engcono ethuthukisa impilo yanamuhla.

Kubantu abacabanga ngezokubambisana noma ukuthenga kubakhiqizi bamabhethri, ukuthola ukuqonda ngemigudu yokukhiqiza kubalulekile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuvumelana nezilindelo zekhwalithi, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside. Le ndatshana ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngale nqaku ngokuchaza izigaba zokukhiqiza amabhethri, kusukela ezinsizakusebenza ezingavuthiwe kuya ekuhloleni umkhiqizo ophelile, ngenkathi iphinde igqamisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe yakamuva nezitayela zesikhathi esizayo. Ngale nolwazi, abathintekayo bangakwenza izinqumo ezicacile futhi baqonde ubuciko obunembile obuphakathi kwamabhethri ngamunye.

Ekugcineni, le ndatshana izohlanganisa imibono mayelana ne-EBAK, umkhiqizi ophawulekayo wamabhethri ogxile kumabhethri e-lithium-ion. Ukuzinikela kwe-EBAK ekwakheni nasekuthuthukiseni kukhombisa izinqubo ezinhle embonini, okwenza kube yisifundo esibalulekile sokuqonda ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri kwanamuhla. Abafundi abanentshisekelo bangaphinde bahlola olunye ulwazi mayelana namakhono okwakha kwe-EBAK kanye nezinto ezitholakalayo nge Mayelana Nathi ikhasi, elinikeza umbono oqondile kumlingani ophambili kule mboni yokuncintisana.

Ubuchwepheshe bebhathri buye baphumelela kakhulu eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, buvela eziceleni ezilula ze-lead-acid baye kwi-lithium-ion batteries eziyinkimbinkimbi ezisebenzisa izimoto zikagesi namadivayisi aphathekayo namuhla. Le miphumela ibonisa intuthuko emkemisweni, ezinsizakalweni, nasezobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, lapho umgomo ngamunye uthuthukisa ubukhulu be-energi, ukuphepha, kanye nesikhathi sokuphila. Abakhiqizi bokuqala bebhathri, njengenkampani i-East Penn Manufacturing, babeqeqeshelwe kumabhathri e-lead-acid, bephakela imakethe yezimoto nezimboni. Nokho, isidingo samabhathri alula, asebenza kahle sikhuthaze ushintsho oluya emikhiqizweni esekelwe kwi-lithium, lapho izinkampani ezifana ne-Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) zibe abaholi bomhlaba.

Ukuguqulwa kobuchwepheshe bamabhethri kuhlanganisa nezithuthukisi ezimatheni, izixazululo ze-electrolyte, kanye nomklamo weseli. Izinto ezintsha ezifana namabhethri e-solid-state kanye ne-anodes ze-silicon zisebenza ngokugcwele, zithembisa amandla amakhulu nezikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo. Abakhiqizi kumele baphendulele imigqa yabo yokukhiqiza ukuze bahlale behlangabezana nalezi zinto ezintsha nezindlela, kugcizelela ubunjalo obuguquguqukayo bomkhakha. Le nqubo yokwakha izinto ezintsha eqhubekayo ikhuthaza ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhi bamabhethri futhi ikhuthaza ukubambisana nezikhungo zocwaningo kanye nabahlinzeki bezinto.

Imithetho kahulumeni kanye nezinkathazo zemvelo ziye zathonya ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamabhethri ngokukhuthaza imiklamo ephephile, engcono. Lokhu kuholele abakhiqizi ukuba bagcizelele izinhlelo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezihambisana nemvelo. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuhweba kwezintengo, okukhombiswa ngemikhiqizo efana nezinga le-Exide le-battery, kushukumisela abakhiqizi ukuba baphucule ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza ngaphandle kokwehlisa izinga. Lezi zinto ziqoqa ndawonye zishapinga umgwaqo wokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamabhethri.

Indlela ye-EBAK yokwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha ibonisa le mikhuba emikhulu yemboni. Ngokusebenzisa imishini yesimanje kanye nobudlelwano bezocwaningo, i-EBAK iqhubeka ithuthukisa imichilo yayo yamabhethri nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Le zobuchwepheshe iqinisekisa ukuthi le nkampani ihlala ibhizinisayo futhi iphendula ezidingweni ezivela emakethe. Ukuze ufunde ngemicimbi ethile ethola inzuzo kulolu shintsho lobuchwepheshe, i-Imikhiqizo ikhasi linikeza imininingwane enembile mayelana nezinhlobo ze-bhathri ze-lithium-ion ze-EBAK.

Ukuqonda umlando nokuhamba phambili kwezobuchwepheshe bamabhethri kunikeza umongo obalulekile ukuze kuqondwe izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihilelekile. Kubonisa ukuthi kanjani ukuhweba kuholela ezishintsheni ezindleleni zokukhiqiza nasekutholeni izinto, ekugcineni kuthinta ukusebenza nokwakheka kwamabhethri aqediwe. Le mbono ibalulekile kumabhizinisi nakwabathengi abafuna ukukhetha izixazululo ezinhle zamabhethri ezinhlelweni zabo.

Ukukhethwa kwezinto kubalulekile ekwenzeni amabhethri, kuthinta ngqo amandla okugcina, ukuphepha, nokuphila isikhathi eside. Izingxenye eziyisisekelo zifaka phakathi izinto ze-cathode, izinto ze-anode, ama-electrolyte, kanye nezihlukanisi, zonke zidinga izinga eliqinile lekhwalithi. Izinto ezivamile ze-cathode zifaka i-lithium cobalt oxide, i-lithium iron phosphate, kanye ne-nickel manganese cobalt oxide, ngakunye kunikeza ukuhamba okuhlukile kokugxila kwamandla nokuzinza. Ama-anodes ngokuvamile asebenzisa i-graphite, nakuba i-silicon nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe zithola ukuthandwa ngenxa yamandla azo aphezulu.

Ama-electrolyte asebenza njengendawo yokuhamba kwe-ion ngaphakathi kwebhethri futhi angaba yiphunga, i-gel, noma isimo esiqinile. Ukukhetha i-electrolyte kuthinta ukusebenza kwebhethri, ububanzi bezinga lokushisa, nezici zokuphepha. Abahlukanisi bavimbela ukuthintana komzimba phakathi kwezinsimbi kanti bavumela ukuhamba kwe-ion, okubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izixhumi ezimfushane nasekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuthembekile. Abakhiqizi bebhethri kumele bathole lezi zinto kubahlinzeki abathembekile ukuze bagcine ikhwalithi ehambisanayo kuyo yonke imikhiqizo.

Ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zamabhethri ezimbonini, njengezivela ku-Amara Raja noma ku-East Penn Manufacturing Company, izinto zivame ukujoliswa ekwakheni amandla nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngasikhathi sinye, amabhethri e-lithium-ion avela kubakhiqizi abafana no-EBAK agxile ezintweni ezilula, ezinamandla aphezulu ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zezithuthi zikagesi nezinto eziphathwayo. Ubunzima bokukhetha izinto kudinga ubuchwepheshe be-chemistry kanye nokuphathwa kwenqubo yokuhlinzeka ukuze kudlulelwe ekutholakaleni, ezinguqukweni zentengo, nasezicini zemvelo.

Ukuqamba okusha kwezinto kuyisizathu esibalulekile sokuthuthuka kwemikhakha. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwezikhala ezingenacobalt luhloselwe ukunciphisa ukuncika ezindaweni ezibizayo nezinezingxabano zokuziphatha. Ngokufanayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokusebenza ezinzima kuqinisekisa ukuphepha okwandisiwe nokuphakanyiswa kwamandla. Abakhiqizi bamabhethri bafaka lezi zinguquko ngokucophelela emigqeni yabo yokukhiqiza ukuze bahlinzeke ngemikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe ngaphandle kokuphula ukwethenjelwa.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abasebenzisi bokugcina bathola amabhethri aphezulu, abakhiqizi abafana ne-EBAK baphatha izinqubo eziqinile zokuhlola nokuhlola ezinsizakusebenza ezingenayo. Lezi zindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi zibalulekile ukuvimbela iziphazamiso nokugcina amazinga okusebenza. Abathengi abangaba khona abanentshisekelo ezincazelweni zobuchwepheshe nasezinhlelweni zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi bangavakashela ku-EBAK’s Mayelana Nathi ikhasi ukuze bathole eminye imininingwane mayelana nokutholwa kwabo kwezinto zokwakha nezindinganiso zokukhiqiza.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri kuyinqubo enezigaba eziningi edinga ukunemba nokuhlanganyela phakathi kweminyango ehlukene. Le nqubo ivamise ukuqala ngokulungiselela ama-electrode, lapho izinto ze-cathode ne-anode zixutshwa nezinto zokubopha kanye nezithasiselo ezihambayo ukuze kwakhiwe i-slurry. Le slurry ibekwa phezu kwamafolokhwe ensimbi, yomele, futhi icindezelwe ukuze kufezwe ubukhulu kanye nokuqina okufanele. Le ngxenye idinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvumelana, okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwamabhethri.

Ngemuva kokulungiswa kwe-electrode, isigaba sokuhlanganisa sihlanganisa ukuhlela noma ukujolisa ama-electrode kanye nezihlukanisi zibe yizicell. Lezi zicell zibekwa ezikhwameni futhi zivalwa ukuze kuvinjwe ukungcoliswa nok leaking kwe-electrolyte. Ukugcwaliswa kwe-electrolyte kwenziwa ezindaweni ezilawulwayo ukuze kugcinwe ukuhleleka nokuphepha. Abakhiqizi abathuthukile njenge-EBAK basebenzisa imishini ezenzakalelayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini sokukhiqiza nokuhambisana ngenkathi kuncishiswa amaphutha abantu.

Isigaba esilandelayo esibalulekile ukuhlela nokuguga, lapho amabhethri edlula ezinqubweni zokuqala zokushaja nokukhishwa. Le nqubo ivula izakhiwo ze-electrochemical zezicell futhi isiza ekutholeni ukuphuka kwangaphambili. Amabhethri abekwa ezivivinyweni eziqinile, kuhlanganise nokukala amandla, ukuhlolwa kokuphikisana kwangaphakathi, kanye nezilinganiso zokuphepha. Iqembu lokulawula ikhwalithi lilandelela lezi zimpumelelo ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuphela izicell ezihlangabezana nezincazelo eziya phambili ekuhlanganiseni kokugcina.

Ukupakisha nokubhalisa kuqeda inqubo yokukhiqiza, kulungiselela amabhethri ukuthunyelwa nokugcina. Kuwo wonke amazinga, ukugcina izimo zokusebenza ezihlanzekile nokulandela imithetho yokuphepha kubalulekile ukuvimbela amaphutha nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi. Abakhiqizi bamabhethri abahamba phambili batshala imali enkulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukiseni ukuze baphucule lezi zinqubo, balinganisela phakathi kokusebenza kahle kwezindleko nokuphumelela komkhiqizo.

Izinkampani ezifana ne-Exide ne-Amara Raja, ezaziwa ngochungechunge lwazo lwamabhethri ezimboni, zigcizelela ukuqina nokwethembeka ezinqubweni zazo zokukhiqiza. Ngokufanayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-EBAK kufaka ubuchwepheshe obuphambili nezinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo samabhethri e-lithium-ion ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene. Ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi mayelana namakhono okukhiqiza kwe-EBAK kanye nochungechunge lwemikhiqizo, Imikhiqizo leli khasi linikeza imibono ebanzi.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kubalulekile ekwenzeni amabhethri, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha, ukwethembeka, nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zemboni. Njengoba kunezingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokwehluleka kwamabhethri, abakhiqizi baphatha izinqubo zokuhlola nezokuhlola eziningi phakathi nesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto ezisemqoka, ukuhlolwa kwenqubo, nokuhlolwa komkhiqizo wokugcina.

Izinto ezisemqoka zihlolwa ngocwaningo lwezokhemikhali nolwezemvelo ukuze kutholakale izinto ezingcolile ezingase zibe nomthelela ekusebenzeni kwe-bhathri. Ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, izimo ezifana nobubanzi bokufaka, ukuhlela kwe-electrode, kanye nenani le-electrolyte zihlolwa ngokuqhubekayo kusetshenziswa izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo. Ngemuva kokuhlanganiswa, ama-bhathri abhekiswa ekuhlolweni kukagesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla, ukumelana kwangaphakathi, kanye nezikhukhula zokuvuza.

Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kuveza izimo zokusebenza zangempela ukuze kuhlolwe ukuqina kwe-bhathri ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme, ukushaywa kwemishini, nokuphindaphinda. Ukuhlolwa kokuphepha, okubandakanya ukugcwalisa ngokweqile, ukuhamba okufushane, nokuhlolwa kokushisa okuphakeme, kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokufakazela. Abakhiqizi abafana ne-Contemporary Amperex Technology kanye ne-East Penn Manufacturing Company baye basungula izinhlelo eziqinile zokuphathwa kwekhwalithi ezihambisana nezindinganiso zamazwe omhlaba ezifana ne-ISO 9001 kanye nezitifiketi ze-UL.

Uhlelo lokulawula ikhwalithi lwe-EBAK lukhombisa lezi zindlela ezinhle zomkhakha, lusebenzisa imishini yokuhlola ethuthukile kanye nabasebenzi abanamakhono. Izindlela zokuthuthukisa eziqhubekayo ziyasiza ekutholeni izithiyo zokukhiqiza nezinsalela, zikhuthaza isiko lokuphumelela. Le mizamoyokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi iqinisekisa amakhasimende ngokusebenza kwe-bhathri nokuphila isikhathi eside, okubalulekile kokubili kumadivayisi wezokuthenga kanye nezicelo zezimboni.

Ukuze kuhlolwe ukuzibophezela kwe-EBAK ekwakheni nasekutholeni izinga, abantu abanentshisekelo bangavakashela ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi, elichaza indlela yabo yokukhiqiza ubuhle nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Le mbono icacile iqinisa ukwethenjwa futhi igcizelela isikhundla senkampani njengomkhiqizi ophambili wamabhethri.

Imboni yokukhiqiza amabhethri iholwa ukuhweba okungapheli okuhloswe ukuthuthukisa ubukhulu bamandla, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha. Ukuqhamuka kwamuva kufaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhethri e-solid-state, athathela indawo ama-electrolytes amanzi ngezinto eziqinile, anikeza ubukhulu bamandla obuphakeme nezithombe zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) zitshala imali enkulu ekwandiseni lezi zindlela zokusebenza kwezohwebo.

Enye inguquko ebalulekile ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha eziphambili ezifana nezixube ze-lithium-silicon kanye nezikhala eziphezulu ze-nickel ezikhuphula amandla nokuphila kwesikhathi. Abakhiqizi bamabhethri baphinde bafaka izinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri ezihlakaniphile (BMS) ukuze bathuthukise ukusebenza, bahlola impilo, futhi banweba impilo yokusebenza. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa ama-sensors nama-algorithms ukuze zilinganisela imithwalo ye-cell futhi zivimbele ukugcwalisa ngokweqile noma ukwehlisa ngokweqile.

Ukuphinda usebenzise nokusimama seziye zaba izindawo ezibalulekile, abakhiqizi bathuthukisa izinqubo zokubuyisa izinto ezibalulekile ezivela kumabhethri asetshenzisiwe. Le ndlela ayinciphisi kuphela umthelela wemvelo kodwa futhi inciphisa nezingozi zokuhlinzeka ezihambisana nokutholwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Amara Raja ne-Exide zisebenza ngempumelelo ekuphatheni izinhlelo zokuphinda usebenzise ezivalwe njengengxenye yezinhlelo zabo zokuziphatha kwezamabhizinisi.

I-EBAK iyamukela lezi zinguquko ngokuhlanganisa ucwaningo nezinguquko zokukhiqiza ezisebenzayo. Imizamo yabo yokuthuthukisa iqhubeka ngenhloso yokukhiqiza amabhatiri ahlangabezana nezidingo ezishintshashintshayo zemoto zikagesi, izinhlelo zokugcina amandla, kanye nezinto zokusebenza ezithwalwayo. Abafundi abanentshisekelo bangafunda kabanzi ngemikhiqizo nezixazululo ezintsha ze-EBAK ngokuvakashela ku-Imikhiqizo ikhasi.

Ikusasa lokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri l promethe ukwanda okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe bezinto, ukuzenzakalela kokukhiqiza, kanye nokusimama, kubeka le mboni njengomgibeli obalulekile wokushintsha amandla emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukukhiqizwa kwamabhethri kuyimboni eyinkimbinkimbi, eshintsha ngokushesha, ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla empilweni yanamuhla nasekuthuthukiseni izixazululo zamandla eziqhubekayo. Kusukela ekukhetheni izinto zokwakha kuya ekuhloleni ikhwalithi yokugcina, zonke izigaba zidinga ukunakwa okukhulu kanye nokwakha okusha. Abakhiqizi bamabhethri abahamba phambili njenge-EBAK, Amara Raja, Contemporary Amperex Technology, East Penn Manufacturing Company, kanye ne-Exide baveza izinga eliphezulu nezithuthukisi zobuchwepheshe ezichaza le mboni.

Ikusasa linamathrendi alithembisayo afaka phakathi amabhethri e-solid-state, izinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri ezihlakaniphile, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe, zonke ezihlosiwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, ukuphepha, kanye nomthelela kwemvelo. Kubantu bezentengiselwano kanye nabathengi, ukuqonda lezi zinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nezimo zemboni kubalulekile ukuze kwenziwe izinqumo ezihlakaniphile emakethe yokugcina amandla.

Ukuzibophezela kwe-EBAK ekukhiqizeni kwekhwalithi, ubuchwepheshe obuphambili, kanye nezindlela ezisimeme kubeka njengephartner ethembekile kulo mkhakha ophilayo. Ukuze uhlole izixazululo zabo futhi ufunde kabanzi ngamalungelo abo, vakashela ku-Ikhaya leli khasi lokuhlola imikhiqizo yabo nezindlela zabo embonini.

Njengoba umkhakha wokukhiqiza amabhathri uqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukufundiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqwashisa embonini kuzokwenza abathintekayo bakwazi ukuhamba ngezindlela ezithile nezinselelo ngempumelelo, kuqhuba ubuchwepheshe obusha nokukhula okuzinzile.